Organic light-emitting device

ABSTRACT

An organic light-emitting device including a first electrode; a second electrode facing the first electrode; and an organic layer between the first electrode and the second electrode, the organic layer including an emission layer, wherein the organic layer includes a first compound represented by Formula 1, below, and a second compound represented by Formula 2, below,

CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATION

Korean Patent Application No. 10-2014-0154730, filed on Nov. 7, 2014, inthe Korean Intellectual Property Office, and entitled: “OrganicLight-Emitting Device,” is incorporated by reference herein in itsentirety.

BACKGROUND

1. Field

Embodiments relate to an organic light-emitting device.

2. Description of the Related Art

Organic light-emitting devices are self-emission devices that have wideviewing angles, high contrast ratios, short response times, andexcellent luminance, driving voltage, and response speedcharacteristics, and produce multicolored images.

The organic light-emitting devices may include an anode, a holetransport region, an emission layer, an electron transport region, and acathode, which are sequentially stacked. Holes provided from the anodemay move toward the emission layer through the hole transport region,and electrons provided from the cathode may move toward the emissionlayer through the electron transport region. Carriers, such as the holesand the electrons, may be recombined in the emission layer to produceexcitons. These excitons may change from an excited state to a groundstate, thereby generating light.

SUMMARY

Embodiments are directed to an organic light-emitting device.

The embodiments may be realized by providing an organic light-emittingdevice including a first electrode; a second electrode facing the firstelectrode; and an organic layer between the first electrode and thesecond electrode, the organic layer including an emission layer, whereinthe organic layer includes a first compound represented by Formula 1,below, and a second compound represented by Formula 2, below,

wherein, in Formulae 1 and 2, Naph is a naphthylene group, L is a C₆-C₄₀arylene group or a C₁-C₄₀ heteroarylene group, HAr is a grouprepresented by one of Formulae 3 and 4 below,

wherein, X₁ and X₂ are each independently N or C—*, and at least one ofX₁ and X₂ is C—*, X₃ and X₄ are each independently N or CH, x₁ and y₁are each independently 0 or 1, x₂ and y₂ are each independently 0 or 1,R₁ to R₈ are each independently selected from a deuterium atom, ahalogen atom, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an aminogroup, an amidino group, a hydrazine group, a hydrazone group, acarboxylic acid or a salt thereof, a sulfonic acid or a salt thereof, aphosphoric acid or a salt thereof, a substituted or unsubstituted C₁-C₂₀alkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₂-C₂₀ alkenyl group, asubstituted or unsubstituted C₂-C₂₀ alkynyl group, a substituted orunsubstituted C₁-C₂₀ alkoxy group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₃-C₁₀cycloalkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₁-C₁₀ heterocycloalkylgroup, a substituted or unsubstituted C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkenyl group, asubstituted or unsubstituted C₁-C₁₀ heterocycloalkenyl group, asubstituted or unsubstituted C₆-C₄₀ aryl group, a substituted orunsubstituted C₁-C₄₀ heteroaryl group, a substituted or unsubstitutedC₅-C₄₀ aryloxy group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₅-C₄₀ arylthiogroup, a substituted or unsubstituted C₆-C₄₀ monovalent non-aromaticcondensed polycyclic group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₆-C₄₀monovalent non-aromatic heterocondensed polycyclic group, —N(Q₁)(Q₂),—P(═O)(Q₃)(Q₄), —Si(Q₅)(Q₆)(Q₇), and —Ge(Q₅)(Q₆)(Q₇), in which Q₁ to Q₄are each independently a hydrogen atom or a C₆-C₄₀ aryl group, and Q₅,Q₆, and Q₇ are each independently a hydrogen atom, a C₁-C₂₀ alkyl group,or a C₆-C₄₀ aryl group; at least one substituent of the substitutedC₁-C₂₀ alkyl group, the substituted C₂-C₂₀ alkenyl group, thesubstituted C₂-C₂₀ alkynyl group, the substituted C₁-C₂₀ alkoxy group,the substituted C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkyl group, the substituted C₁-C₁₀heterocycloalkyl group, the substituted C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkenyl group, thesubstituted C₁-C₁₀ heterocycloalkenyl group, the substituted C₆-C₄₀ arylgroup, the substituted C₁-C₄₀ heteroaryl group, the substituted C₅-C₄₀aryloxy group, the substituted C₅-C₄₀ arylthio group, the substitutedC₆-C₄₀ monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, and thesubstituted C₆-C₄₀ monovalent non-aromatic heterocondensed polycyclicgroup is selected from a deuterium atom, a halogen atom, a hydroxylgroup, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amino group, an amidino group, ahydrazine group, a hydrazone group, a carboxylic acid or a salt thereof,a sulfonic acid or a salt thereof, a phosphoric acid or a salt thereof,a C₁-C₂₀ alkyl group, a C₂-C₂₀ alkenyl group, a C₂-C₂₀ alkynyl group, aC₁-C₂₀ alkoxy group, a C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkyl group, a C₁-C₁₀heterocycloalkyl group, a C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkenyl group, a C₁-C₁₀heterocycloalkenyl group, a C₆-C₄₀ aryl group, a C₁-C₄₀ heteroarylgroup, a C₅-C₄₀ aryloxy group, a C₅-C₄₀ arylthio group, a monovalentC₆-C₄₀ non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, a monovalent C₆-C₄₀non-aromatic heterocondensed polycyclic group, and —Si(Q₁₁)(Q₁₂)(Q₁₃),in which Q₁₁ to Q₁₃ are each independently a hydrogen atom, a C₁-C₂₀alkyl group, or a C₆-C₄₀ aryl group, a is an integer of 0 to 7, b is aninteger of 0 to 2, c is an integer of 1 to 3, d to h are eachindependently an integer of 0 to 4, i is an integer of 0 to 3, and *represents a binding site to a neighboring atom.

L in Formula 1 may be selected from a phenylene group, a naphthylenegroup, a phenanthrenylene group, and an anthrylene group; and aphenylene group, a naphthyl group, a phenanthrenyl group, and an anthrylgroup, each substituted with at least one of a deuterium atom, a halogenatom, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amino group, anamidino group, a hydrazine group, a hydrazone group, a carboxylic acidor a salt thereof, a sulfonic acid or a salt thereof, a phosphoric acidor a salt thereof, a C₁-C₁₀ alkyl group, C₁-C₁₀ alkoxy group, a phenylgroup, a naphthyl group, a phenanthrenyl group, an anthryl group, and—Si(Q₂₁)(Q₂₂)(Q₂₃), in which Q₂₁ to Q₂₃ are each independently ahydrogen atom, a C₁-C₂₀ alkyl group, or a C₆-C₄₀ aryl group.

L in Formula 1 may be a group represented by Formula 4A below:

wherein, in Formula 4A, * and *′ may represent binding sites toneighboring atoms, p₁ may be an integer of 0 to 4, and Z₁₁ may be atleast one selected from a deuterium atom, a halogen atom, a methylgroup, an ethyl group, a propyl group, a phenyl group, a naphthyl group,a phenanthrenyl group, an anthryl group, and —Si(Q₂₁)(Q₂₂)(Q₂₃), inwhich Q₂₁ to Q₂₃ are each independently a hydrogen atom, a C₁-C₂₀ alkylgroup, or a C₆-C₄₀ aryl group; and a methyl group, an ethyl group, apropyl group, a phenyl group, a naphthyl group, a phenanthrenyl group,an anthryl group, and —Si(Q₂₁)(Q₂₂)(Q₂₃), each substituted with at leastone of a deuterium atom and a halogen atom.

L in Formula 1 may be a group represented by any one of Formulae 5A to5E below, in which * and *′ represent binding sites to neighboringatoms:

HAr in Formula 2 may be a group represented by any one of Formulae 6A to6E below:

wherein, in Formulae 6A to 6E, Z₂₁ to Z₂₃ may each independently beselected from a deuterium atom, a halogen atom, a C₁-C₄ alkyl group, aC₆-C₂₀ aryl group, a C₁-C₂₀ heteroaryl group, and —Si(Q₃₁)(Q₃₂)(Q₃₃), inwhich Q₃₁ to Q₃₃ are each independently a hydrogen atom, a C₁-C₂₀ alkylgroup, or a C₆-C₂₀ aryl group, q1 may be an integer of 0 to 4, q2 may bean integer of 1 or 2, q3 may be an integer of 0 to 3, and * represents abinding site to a neighboring atom.

HAr in Formula 2 may be a group represented by any one of Formulae 7A to7E below, in which * represents a binding site to a neighboring atom:

R₁ to R₈ may each independently be selected from a deuterium atom, ahalogen atom, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a carboxylic acid or asalt thereof, a sulfonic acid or a salt thereof, a phosphoric acid or asalt thereof, a methyl group, an ethyl group, a propyl group, a butylgroup, a pentyl group, a hexyl group, a heptyl group, an octyl group, anonyl group, a decyl group, a phenyl group, a pentalenyl group, anindenyl group, a naphthyl group, an azulenyl group, an indacenyl group,an acenaphthyl group, a biphenyl group, a heptalenyl group, a phenalenylgroup, a fluorenyl group, a phenanthrenyl group, an anthryl group, afluoranthenyl group, a pyrenyl group, a benzofluorenyl group, anaphthacenyl group, a chrysenyl group, a triphenylenyl group, aterphenyl group, a perylenyl group, a picenyl group, a hexacenyl group,—N(Q₁)(Q₂), —P(═O)(Q₃)(Q₄), —Si(Q₅)(Q₆)(Q₇), and —Ge(Q₅)(Q₆)(Q₇), inwhich Q₁ to Q₄ are each independently a hydrogen atom or a C₆-C₄₀ arylgroup, and Q₅, Q₆, and Q₇ are each independently a hydrogen atom, aC₁-C₂₀ alkyl group, or a C₆-C₄₀ aryl group; a methyl group, an ethylgroup, a propyl group, a butyl group, a pentyl group, a hexyl group, aheptyl group, an octyl group, a nonyl group, and a decyl group, eachsubstituted with at least one of a deuterium atom, a halogen atom, ahydroxyl group, a cyano group, a carboxylic acid or a salt thereof, asulfonic acid or a salt thereof, a phosphoric acid or a salt thereof,—Si(Q₁₁)(Q₁₂)(Q₁₃), and —Ge(Q₁₁)(Q₁₂)(Q₁₃), in which Q₁₁ to Q₁₃ are eachindependently a hydrogen atom, a C₁-C₂₀ alkyl group, or a C₆-C₄₀ arylgroup; and a phenyl group, a pentalenyl group, an indenyl group, anaphthyl group, an azulenyl group, an indacenyl group, an acenaphthylgroup, a biphenyl group, a heptalenyl group, a phenalenyl group, afluorenyl group, a phenanthrenyl group, an anthryl group, afluoranthenyl group, a pyrenyl group, a benzofluorenyl group, anaphthacenyl group, a chrysenyl group, a triphenylenyl group, aterphenyl group, a perylenyl group, a picenyl group, and a hexacenylgroup, each substituted with at least one of a deuterium atom, a halogenatom, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a carboxylic acid or a saltthereof, a sulfonic acid or a salt thereof, a phosphoric acid or a saltthereof, a C₁-C₁₀ alkyl group, a C₂-C₁₀ alkenyl group, a C₂-C₁₀ alkynylgroup, a C₁-C₁₀ alkoxy group, —Si(Q₁₁)(Q₁₂)(Q₁₃), and—Ge(Q₁₁)(Q₁₂)(Q₁₃), in which Q₁₁ to Q₁₃ are each independently ahydrogen atom, a C₁-C₁₀ alkyl group, or a C₆-C₂₀ aryl group.

R₁ to R₈ may each independently be selected from a deuterium atom, ahalogen atom, —Si(Q₅)(Q₆)(Q₇), and —Ge(Q₅)(Q₆)(Q₇), in which Q₁ to Q₇are each independently a hydrogen atom, a C₁-C₄ alkyl group, or a C₆-C₁₀aryl group, or R₁ to R₈ may each independently be a group represented byany one of Formulae 8A to 8C below:

wherein, in Formulae 8A to 8C, Z₃₁ to Z₃₃ may each independently beselected from a deuterium atom, a halogen atom, a C₁-C₂₀ alkyl group, aC₆-C₄₀ aryl group, a C₆-C₄₀ monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclicgroup, —Si(Q₅)(Q₆)(Q₇), and —Ge(Q₅)(Q₆)(Q₇); a C₁-C₂₀ alkyl groupsubstituted with at least one of a deuterium atom and a halogen atom;and a C₆-C₄₀ aryl group and a C₆-C₄₀ monovalent non-aromatic condensedpolycyclic group, each substituted with at least one of a deuteriumatom, a halogen atom, a C₁-C₂₀ alkyl group, and a C₆-C₂₀ aryl group; r1may be an integer of 0 to 5, r2 may be an integer of 0 to 7, r3 may bean integer of 0 to 10, and * represents a binding site to a neighboringatom.

R₁ to R₈ may each independently be selected from a deuterium atom and ahalogen atom, or R₁ to R₈ may each independently be a group representedby any one of Formulae 9A to 9J below:

wherein, in Formulae 9A to 9J, * represents a binding site to aneighboring atom.

c may be 1, a and b may each independently be 0 or 1, and d, e, f, g, h,and i may each be 0.

R₁ and R₂ may each independently be selected from a deuterium atom, ahalogen atom, a methyl group, a phenyl group, a naphthyl group, aphenanthrenyl group, —Si(Q₅)(Q₆)(Q₇), and —Ge(Q₅)(Q₆)(Q₇), in which Q₁to Q₄ are each independently a hydrogen atom, a methyl group, or aphenyl group; and a phenyl group, a naphthyl group, and a pentalenylgroup, each substituted with at least one of a deuterium atom, a halogenatom, and a methyl group; d, e, f, g, h, and i may each be 0, L may beselected from a phenylene group; or a phenylene group and a naphthylenegroup, each substituted with at least one selected from a deuteriumatom, a halogen atom, and a phenyl group.

HAr may be a group represented by Formula 3.

HAr may be a group represented by Formula 4, x₂ may be 1, and y₁ may be0.

The first compound represented by Formula 1 may be one of Compounds 1-1to 1-36 below:

The second compound represented by Formula 2 may be one of Compounds 2-1to 2-5 below:

The first compound and the second compound may be included in theemission layer.

A weight ratio of the first compound to the second compound may be about20:80 to about 80:20.

The emission layer may further include a dopant, the dopant including anorganometallic compound that includes iridium (Ir), platinum (Pt),osmium (Os), titanium (Ti), zirconium (Zr), hafnium (Hf), europium (Eu),terbium (Tb), thulium (Tm), rhodium (Rh), or copper (Cu).

The organic light-emitting device may further include a hole transportregion between the first electrode and the emission layer.

The organic light-emitting device may further include an electrontransport region between the second electrode and the emission layer.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWING

Features will be apparent to those of skill in the art by describing indetail exemplary embodiments with reference to the attached drawings inwhich:

FIG. 1 illustrates a schematic cross-sectional view of a structure of anorganic light-emitting device according to an exemplary embodiment.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

Example embodiments will now be described more fully hereinafter withreference to the accompanying drawing; however, they may be embodied indifferent forms and should not be construed as limited to theembodiments set forth herein. Rather, these embodiments are provided sothat this disclosure will be thorough and complete, and will fullyconvey exemplary implementations to those skilled in the art.

In the drawing FIGURE, the dimensions of layers and regions may beexaggerated for clarity of illustration. Like reference numerals referto like elements throughout.

As used herein, the term “and/or” includes any and all combinations ofone or more of the associated listed items. Expressions such as “atleast one of,” when preceding a list of elements, modify the entire listof elements and do not modify the individual elements of the list.

FIG. 1 illustrates a schematic cross-sectional view of a structure of anorganic light-emitting device 10 according to an exemplary embodiment.

Referring to FIG. 1, the organic light-emitting device 10 may include afirst electrode 110, an organic layer 150, and a second electrode 190.

A substrate may be additionally disposed beneath the first electrode 110or on the second electrode 190. The substrate may be a glass substrateor a transparent plastic substrate, each of which has excellentmechanical strength, thermal stability, transparency, surfacesmoothness, ease of handling, and water proofness.

The first electrode 110 may be formed by, e.g., depositing or sputteringa material for forming the first electrode on the substrate. When thefirst electrode 110 is an anode, the material for forming the firstelectrode may be selected from materials with a high work function tofacilitate hole injection. The first electrode 110 may be a transmissiveelectrode, a semi-transmissive electrode, or a transparent electrode.The material for forming the first electrode may have characteristics ofexcellent transparency and conductivity, and examples thereof mayinclude indium tin oxide (ITO), indium zinc oxide (IZO), tin oxide(SnO₂), and zinc oxide (ZnO). In an implementation, the material forforming the first electrode may be at least one selected from magnesium(Mg), aluminum (Al), aluminum-lithium (Al—Li), calcium (Ca),magnesium-indium (Mg—In), and magnesium-silver (Mg—Ag) to form asemi-transmissive electrode or a reflective electrode as the firstelectrode 110. The first electrode 110 may have a single-layer structureor a multi-layer structure consisting two or more different layers. Forexample, the first electrode 110 may have a three-layered structure ofITO/Ag/ITO.

The organic layer 150 may be disposed on the first electrode 110. Theorganic layer 150 may include an emission layer. The organic layer 150may further include an electron transport region between the emissionlayer and the second electrode 190, in addition to a hole transportregion between the first electrode 110 and the emission layer.

The hole transport region may include at least one of a hole injectionlayer (HIL), a hole transport layer (HTL), a buffer layer, and anelectron blocking layer (EBL), and the electron transport region mayinclude at least one of a hole blocking layer (HBL), an electrontransport layer (ETL), and an electron injection layer (EIL).

The hole transport region may have a single-layer structure including asingle material, a single-layer structure including a plurality ofdifferent materials, or a multi-layer structure including a plurality ofdifferent materials.

For example, the hole transport region may have a single-layer structureincluding a plurality of different materials, or may have a structure ofHIL/HTL, a structure of HIL/HTL/buffer layer, a structure of HIL/bufferlayer, a structure of HTL/buffer layer, a structure of HIL/HTL/EBL, or astructure of HTL/EBL, each of which layers are sequentially stacked inthe stated order from the first electrode 110.

When the hole transport region includes an HIL, the HIL may be formed onthe first electrode 110 by using various methods, e.g., vacuumdeposition, spin coating, casting, Langmuir-Blodgett (LB) deposition,ink-jet printing, laser-printing, or laser induced thermal imaging(LITI).

When the HIL is formed by vacuum deposition, deposition conditions mayvary according to a compound used to form the HIL and a structure of theHIL, e.g., the deposition conditions include a deposition temperature ina range of about 100° C. to about 500° C., a vacuum pressure in a rangeof about 10⁻⁸ torr to about 10⁻³ torr, and/or a deposition rate in arange of about 0.01 Å/sec to about 100 Å/sec.

When the HIL is formed by spin coating, spin coating conditions may varyaccording to a compound used to form the HIL and a structure of the HIL,e.g., the spin coating conditions include a coating speed in a range ofabout 2,000 rpm to about 5,000 rpm, and/or a temperature at which a heattreatment is performed may be in a range of about 80° C. to about 200°C.

When the hole transport region includes an HTL, the HTL may be formed onthe first electrode 110 or on the HIL by using various methods, e.g.,vacuum deposition, spin coating, casting, LB deposition, ink-jetprinting, laser-printing, or LITI. When the HTL is formed by vacuumdeposition and spin coating, deposition and coating conditions forforming the HTL may be determined by referring to the deposition andcoating conditions for forming the HIL.

The hole transport region may include at least one selected fromm-MTDATA, TDATA, 2-TNATA, NPB, β-NPB, TPD, Spiro-TPD, Spiro-NPB, TAPC,HMTPD, 4,4′,4″-tris(N-carbazolyl)triphenylamine) (TCTA),polyaniline/dodecylbenzenesulfonicacid:polyaniline/dodecylbenzenesulfonic acid (Pani/DBSA),poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)/poly(4-styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT/PSS),polyaniline/camphor sulfonicacid:polyaniline (Pani/CSA),polyaniline/poly(4-styrenesulfonate) (PANI/PSS), a compound representedby Formula 201 below, and a compound represented by Formula 202 below:

In Formulae 201 and 202,

L₂₀₁ to L₂₀₅ may each independently be selected from a substituted orunsubstituted C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkylene group, a substituted or unsubstitutedheterocycloalkylene group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₃-C₁₀cycloalkenylene group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₁-C₁₀heterocycloalkenylene group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₆-C₆₀arylene group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₁-C₆₀ heteroarylenegroup, a substituted or unsubstituted divalent non-aromatic condensedpolycyclic group, and a substituted or unsubstituted divalentnon-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group.

At least one substituent of the substituted C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkylene group,the substituted C₁-C₁₀ heterocycloalkylene group, the substituted C₃-C₁₀cycloalkenylene group, the substituted C₁-C₁₀ heterocycloalkenylenegroup, the substituted C₆-C₆₀ arylene group, the substituted C₁-C₆₀heteroarylene group, the substituted divalent non-aromatic condensedpolycyclic group, and the substituted divalent non-aromatic condensedheteropolycyclic group may be selected from:

a deuterium atom, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, anitro group, an amino group, an amidino group, a hydrazine group, ahydrazone group, a carboxylic acid or a salt thereof, a sulfonic acid ora salt thereof, a phosphoric acid or a salt thereof, a C₁-C₆₀ alkylgroup, a C₂-C₆₀ alkenyl group, a C₂-C₆₀ alkynyl group, and a C₁-C₆₀alkoxy group;

a C₁-C₆₀ alkyl group, a C₂-C₆₀ alkenyl group, a C₂-C₆₀ alkynyl group,and a C₁-C₆₀ alkoxy group, each substituted with at least one of adeuterium atom, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, anitro group, an amino group, an amidino group, a hydrazine group, ahydrazone group, a carboxylic acid or a salt thereof, a sulfonic acid ora salt thereof, a phosphoric acid or a salt thereof, a C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkylgroup, a C₁-C₂₀ heterocycloalkyl group, a C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkenyl group, aC₁-C₁₀ heterocycloalkenyl group, a C₆-C₆₀ aryl group, a C₆-C₆₀ aryloxygroup, a C₆-C₆₀ arylthio group, a C₁-C₆₀ heteroaryl group, a monovalentnon-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, a monovalent non-aromaticcondensed heteropolycyclic group, —N(Q₂₀₁)(Q₂₀₂), —Si(Q₂₀₃)(Q₂₀₄)(Q₂₀₅),and —B(Q₂₀₆)(Q₂₀₇);

a C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkyl group, a C₁-C₁₀ heterocycloalkyl group, a C₃-C₁₀cycloalkenyl group, a C₁-C₁₀ heterocycloalkenyl group, a C₆-C₆₀ arylgroup, a C₆-C₆₀ aryloxy group, a C₆-C₆₀ arylthio group, a C₁-C₆₀heteroaryl group, a monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group,and a monovalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group;

a C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkyl group, a C₁-C₁₀ heterocycloalkyl group, a C₃-C₁₀cycloalkenyl group, a C₁-C₁₀ heterocycloalkenyl group, a C₆-C₆₀ arylgroup, a C₆-C₆₀ aryloxy group, a C₆-C₆₀ arylthio group, a C₁-C₆₀heteroaryl group, a monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group,and a monovalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group, eachsubstituted with at least one of a deuterium atom, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, ahydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amino group, an amidinogroup, a hydrazine group, a hydrazone group, a carboxylic acid or a saltthereof, a sulfonic acid or a salt thereof, a phosphoric acid or a saltthereof, a C₁-C₆₀ alkyl group, a C₂-C₆₀ alkenyl group, a C₂-C₆₀ alkynylgroup, a C₁-C₆₀ alkoxy group, a C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkyl group, a C₁-C₁₀heterocycloalkyl group, a C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkenyl group, a C₁-C₁₀heterocycloalkenyl group, a C₆-C₆₀ aryl group, a C₆-C₆₀ aryloxy group, aC₆-C₆₀ arylthio group, a C₁-C₆₀ heteroaryl group, a monovalentnon-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, a monovalent non-aromaticcondensed heteropolycyclic group, —N(Q₂₁₁)(Q₂₁₂), —Si(Q₂₁₃)(Q₂₁₄)(Q₂₁₅),and —B(Q₂₁₆)(Q₂₁₇); and

—N(Q₂₂₁)(Q₂₂₂), —Si(Q₂₂₃)(Q₂₂₄)(Q₂₂₅), and —B(Q₂₂₆)(Q₂₂₇);

xa1 to xa4 may each independently be selected from 0, 1, 2, and 3;

xa5 may be selected from 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5;

R₂₀₁ to R₂₀₅ may each independently be selected from a C₁-C₆₀ alkylgroup, a C₂-C₆₀ alkenyl group, a C₂-C₆₀ alkynyl group, and a C₁-C₆₀alkoxy group;

a C₁-C₆₀ alkyl group, a C₂-C₆₀ alkenyl group, a C₂-C₆₀ alkynyl group,and a C₁-C₆₀ alkoxy group, each substituted with at least one of adeuterium atom, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, anitro group, an amino group, an amidino group, a hydrazine group, ahydrazone group, a carboxylic acid or a salt thereof, a sulfonic acid ora salt thereof, a phosphoric acid or a salt thereof, a C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkylgroup, a C₁-C₁₀ heterocycloalkyl group, a C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkenyl group, aC₁-C₁₀ heterocycloalkenyl group, a C₆-C₆₀ aryl group, a C₆-C₆₀ aryloxygroup, a C₆-C₆₀ arylthio group, a C₁-C₆₀ heteroaryl group, a monovalentnon-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, a monovalent non-aromaticcondensed heteropolycyclic group, —N(Q₂₃₁)(Q₂₃₂), —Si(Q₂₃₃)(Q₂₃₄)(Q₂₃₅),and —B(Q₂₃₆)(Q₂₃₇);

a C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkyl group, a C₁-C₁₀ heterocycloalkyl group, a C₃-C₁₀cycloalkenyl group, a C₁-C₁₀ heterocycloalkenyl group, a C₆-C₆₀ arylgroup, a C₆-C₆₀ aryloxy group, a C₆-C₆₀ arylthio group, a C₁-C₆₀heteroaryl group, a monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group,and a monovalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group; and

a C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkyl group, a C₁-C₁₀ heterocycloalkyl group, a C₃-C₁₀cycloalkenyl group, a C₁-C₁₀ heterocycloalkenyl group, a C₆-C₆₀ arylgroup, a C₆-C₆₀ aryloxy group, a C₆-C₆₀ arylthio group, a C₁-C₆₀heteroaryl group, a monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group,and a monovalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group, eachsubstituted with at least one of a deuterium atom, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, ahydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amino group, an amidinogroup, a hydrazine group, a hydrazone group, a carboxylic acid or a saltthereof, a sulfonic acid or a salt thereof, a phosphoric acid or a saltthereof, a C₁-C₆₀ alkyl group, a C₂-C₆₀ alkenyl group, a C₂-C₆₀ alkynylgroup, a C₁-C₆₀ alkoxy group, a C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkyl group, a C₁-C₁₀heterocycloalkyl group, a C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkenyl group, a C₁-C₁₀heterocycloalkenyl group, a C₆-C₆₀ aryl group, a C₆-C₆₀ aryloxy group, aC₆-C₆₀ arylthio group, a C₁-C₆₀ heteroaryl group, a monovalentnon-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, a monovalent non-aromaticcondensed heteropolycyclic group, —N(Q₂₄₁)(Q₂₄₂), —Si(Q₂₄₃)(Q₂₄₄)(Q₂₄₅),and —B(Q₂₄₆)(Q₂₄₇),

wherein Q₂₀₁ to Q₂₀₇, Q₂₁₁ to Q₂₁₇, Q₂₂₁ to Q₂₂₇, Q₂₃₁ to Q₂₃₇, and Q₂₄₁to Q₂₄₇ may each independently be selected from a hydrogen atom, adeuterium atom, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, anitro group, an amino group, an amidino group, a hydrazine group, ahydrazone group, a carboxylic acid or a salt thereof, a sulfonic acid ora salt thereof, a phosphoric acid or a salt thereof, a C₁-C₆₀ alkylgroup, a C₂-C₆₀ alkenyl group, a C₂-C₆₀ alkynyl group, and a C₁-C₆₀alkoxy group;

a C₁-C₆₀ alkyl group, a C₂-C₆₀ alkenyl group, a C₂-C₆₀ alkynyl group,and a C₁-C₆₀ alkoxy group, each substituted with at least one of adeuterium atom, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, anitro group, an amino group, an amidino group, a hydrazine group, ahydrazone group, a carboxylic acid or a salt thereof, a sulfonic acid ora salt thereof, a phosphoric acid or a salt thereof, a C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkylgroup, a C₁-C₁₀ heterocycloalkyl group, a C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkenyl group, aC₁-C₁₀ heterocycloalkenyl group, a C₆-C₆₀ aryl group, a C₆-C₆₀ aryloxygroup, a C₆-C₆₀ arylthio group, a C₁-C₆₀ heteroaryl group, a monovalentnon-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, and a monovalent non-aromaticcondensed heteropolycyclic group;

a C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkyl group, a C₁-C₁₀ heterocycloalkyl group, a C₃-C₁₀cycloalkenyl group, a C₁-C₁₀ heterocycloalkenyl group, a C₆-C₆₀ arylgroup, a C₆-C₆₀ aryloxy group, a C₆-C₆₀ arylthio group, a C₁-C₆₀heteroaryl group, a monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group,and a monovalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group; and

a C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkyl group, a C₁-C₁₀ heterocycloalkyl group, a C₃-C₁₀cycloalkenyl group, a C₁-C₁₀ heterocycloalkenyl group, a C₆-C₆₀ arylgroup, a C₆-C₆₀ aryloxy group, a C₆-C₆₀ arylthio group, a C₁-C₆₀heteroaryl group, a monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group,and a monovalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group, eachsubstituted with at least one of a deuterium atom, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, ahydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amino group, an amidinogroup, a hydrazine group, a hydrazone group, a carboxylic acid or a saltthereof, a sulfonic acid or a salt thereof, a phosphoric acid or a saltthereof, a C₁-C₆₀ alkyl group, a C₂-C₆₀ alkenyl group, a C₂-C₆₀ alkynylgroup, a C₁-C₆₀ alkoxy group, a C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkyl group, a C₁-C₁₀heterocycloalkyl group, a C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkenyl group, a C₁-C₁₀heterocycloalkenyl group, a C₆-C₆₀ aryl group, a C₆-C₆₀ aryloxy group, aC₆-C₆₀ arylthio group, a C₁-C₆₀ heteroaryl group, a monovalentnon-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, and a monovalent non-aromaticcondensed heteropolycyclic group.

For example, in Formulae 201 and 202,

L₂₀₁ to L₂₀₅ may each independently be selected from a phenylene group,a naphthylenylene group, a fluorenylene group, a spiro-fluorenylenegroup, a benzofluorenylene group, a dibenzofluorenylene group, aphenanthrenylene group, an anthrylene group, a pyrenylene group, achrysenylene group, a pyridinylene group, a pyrazinylene group, apyrimidinylene group, a pyridazinylene group, a quinolinylene group, anisoquinolinylene group, a quinoxalinylene group, a quinazolinylenegroup, a carbazolylene group, and a triazinylene group; and

a phenylene group, a naphthylenylene group, a fluorenylene group, aspiro-fluorenylene group, a benzofluorenylene group, adibenzofluorenylene group, a phenanthrenylene group, an anthrylenegroup, a pyrenylene group, a chrysenylene group, a pyridinylene group, apyrazinylene group, a pyrimidinylene group, a pyridazinylene group, aquinolinylene group, an isoquinolinylene group, a quinoxalinylene group,a quinazolinylene group, a carbazolylene group, and a triazinylenegroup, each substituted with at least one of a deuterium atom, —F, —Cl,—Br, —I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amino group,an amidino group, a hydrazine group, a hydrazone group, a carboxylicacid or a salt thereof, a sulfonic acid or a salt thereof, a phosphoricacid or a salt thereof, a C₁-C₂₀ alkyl group, a C₁-C₂₀ alkoxy group, aphenyl group, a naphthyl group, a fluorenyl group, a spiro-fluorenylgroup, a benzofluorenyl group, a dibenzofluorenyl group, a phenanthrenylgroup, an anthryl group, a pyrenyl group, a chrysenyl group, a pyridylgroup, a pyrazinyl group, a pyrimidinyl group, a pyridazinyl group, anisoindolyl group, a quinolinyl group, an isoquinolinyl group, aquinoxalinyl group, a quinazolinyl group, a carbazolyl group, and atriazinyl group;

xa1 to xa4 may each independently be 0, 1, or 2;

xa5 may be 1, 2, or 3;

R₂₀₁ to R₂₀₅ may each independently be selected from a phenyl group, anaphthyl group, a fluorenyl group, a spiro-fluorenyl group, abenzofluorenyl group, a dibenzofluorenyl group, a phenanthrenyl group,an anthryl group, a pyrenyl group, a chrysenyl group, a pyridyl group, apyrazinyl group, a pyrimidinyl group, a pyridazinyl group, a quinolinylgroup, an isoquinolinyl group, a quinoxalinyl group, a quinazolinylgroup, a carbazolyl group, and a triazinyl group; and

a phenyl group, a naphthyl group, a fluorenyl group, a spiro-fluorenylgroup, a benzofluorenyl group, a dibenzofluorenyl group, a phenanthrenylgroup, an anthryl group, a pyrenyl group, a chrysenyl group, a pyridylgroup, a pyrazinyl group, a pyrimidinyl group, a pyridazinyl group, aquinolinyl group, an isoquinolinyl group, a quinoxalinyl group, aquinazolinyl group, a carbazolyl group, and a triazinyl group, eachsubstituted with at least one of a deuterium atom, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, ahydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amino group, an amidinogroup, a hydrazine group, a hydrazone group, a carboxylic acid or a saltthereof, a sulfonic acid or a salt thereof, a phosphoric acid or a saltthereof, a C₁-C₂₀ alkyl group, a C₁-C₂₀ alkoxy group, a phenyl group, anaphthyl group, an azulenyl group, a fluorenyl group, a spiro-fluorenylgroup, a benzofluorenyl group, a dibenzofluorenyl group, a phenanthrenylgroup, an anthryl group, a pyrenyl group, a chrysenyl group, a pyridylgroup, a pyrazinyl group, a pyrimidinyl group, a pyridazinyl group, aquinolinyl group, an isoquinolinyl group, a quinoxalinyl group, aquinazolinyl group, a carbazolyl group, and a triazinyl group, but theembodiment is not limited thereto.

The compound represented by Formula 201 above may be represented byFormula 201A below.

For example, the compound represented by Formula 201 above may berepresented by Formula 201A-1 below.

The compound represented by Formula 202 above may be represented byFormula 202A below.

In Formulae 201A, 201A-1, and 202A, L₂₀₁ to L₂₀₃, xa1 to xa3, xa5, andR₂₀₂ to R₂₀₄ may be understood by referring to the description providedherein, and R₂₁₁ and R₂₁₂ may be understood by referring to thedescription provided in connection with R₂₀₃, and

R₂₁₃ to R₂₁₇ may each independently be selected from a hydrogen atom, adeuterium atom, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, anitro group, an amino group, an amidino group, a hydrazine group, ahydrazone group, a carboxylic acid or a salt thereof, a sulfonic acid ora salt thereof, a phosphoric acid or a salt thereof, a C₁-C₆₀ alkylgroup, a C₂-C₆₀ alkenyl group, a C₂-C₆₀ alkynyl group, a C₁-C₆₀ alkoxygroup, a C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkyl group, a C₁-C₁₀ heterocycloalkyl group, aC₃-C₁₀ cycloalkenyl group, a C₁-C₁₀ heterocycloalkenyl group, a C₆-C₆₀aryl group, a C₆-C₆₀ aryloxy group, a C₆-C₆₀ arylthio group, a C₁-C₆₀heteroaryl group, a monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group,and a monovalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group.

For example, in Formulae 201A, 201A-1, and 202A, L₂₀₁ to L₂₀₃ may eachindependently be from a phenylene group, a naphthylenylene group, afluorenylene group, a spiro-fluorenylene group, a benzofluorenylenegroup, a dibenzofluorenylene group, a phenanthrenylene group, ananthrylene group, a pyrenylene group, a chrysenylene group, apyridinylene group, a pyrazinylene group, a pyrimidinylene group, apyridazinylene group, a quinolinylene group, an isoquinolinylene group,a quinoxalinylene group, a quinazolinylene group, a carbazolylene group,and a triazinylene group; and

a phenylene group, a naphthylenylene group, a fluorenylene group, aspiro-fluorenylene group, a benzofluorenylene group, adibenzofluorenylene group, a phenanthrenylene group, an anthrylenegroup, a pyrenylene group, a chrysenylene group, a pyridinylene group, apyrazinylene group, a pyrimidinylene group, a pyridazinylene group, aquinolinylene group, an isoquinolinylene group, a quinoxalinylene group,a quinazolinylene group, a carbazolylene group, and a triazinylenegroup, each substituted with at least one of a deuterium atom, —F, —Cl,—Br, —I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amino group,an amidino group, a hydrazine group, a hydrazone group, a carboxylicacid or a salt thereof, a sulfonic acid or a salt thereof, a phosphoricacid or a salt thereof, a C₁-C₂₀ alkyl group, a C₁-C₂₀ alkoxy group, aphenyl group, a naphthyl group, a fluorenyl group, a spiro-fluorenylgroup, a benzofluorenyl group, a dibenzofluorenyl group, a phenanthrenylgroup, an anthryl group, a pyrenyl group, a chrysenyl group, a pyridylgroup, a pyrazinyl group, a pyrimidinyl group, a pyridazinyl group, aquinolinyl group, an isoquinolinyl group, a quinoxalinyl group, aquinazolinyl group, a carbazolyl group, and a triazinyl group;

xa1 to xa3 may each independently be 0 or 1;

R₂₀₃, R₂₁₁, and R₂₁₂ may each independently be selected from a phenylgroup, a naphthyl group, a fluorenyl group, a spiro-fluorenyl group, abenzofluorenyl group, a dibenzofluorenyl group, a phenanthrenyl group,an anthryl group, a pyrenyl group, a chrysenyl group, a pyridyl group, apyrazinyl group, a pyrimidinyl group, a pyridazinyl group, a quinolinylgroup, an isoquinolinyl group, a quinoxalinyl group, a quinazolinylgroup, a carbazolyl group, and a triazinyl group; and

a phenyl group, a naphthyl group, a fluorenyl group, a spiro-fluorenylgroup, a benzofluorenyl group, a dibenzofluorenyl group, a phenanthrenylgroup, an anthryl group, a pyrenyl group, a chrysenyl group, a pyridylgroup, a pyrazinyl group, a pyrimidinyl group, a pyridazinyl group, aquinolinyl group, an isoquinolinyl group, a quinoxalinyl group, aquinazolinyl group, a carbazolyl group, and a triazinyl group, eachsubstituted with at least one of a deuterium atom, —F, —CI, —Br, —I, ahydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amino group, an amidinogroup, a hydrazine group, a hydrazone group, a carboxylic acid or a saltthereof, a sulfonic acid or a salt thereof, a phosphoric acid or a saltthereof, a C₁-C₂₀ alkyl group, a C₁-C₂₀ alkoxy group, a phenyl group, anaphthyl group, a fluorenyl group, a spiro-fluorenyl group, abenzofluorenyl group, a dibenzofluorenyl group, a phenanthrenyl group,an anthryl group, a pyrenyl group, a chrysenyl group, a pyridyl group, apyrazinyl group, a pyrimidinyl group, a pyridazinyl group, a quinolinylgroup, an isoquinolinyl group, a quinoxalinyl group, a quinazolinylgroup, a carbazolyl group, and a triazinyl group;

R₂₁₃ and R₂₁₄ may each independently be selected from a C₁-C₂₀ alkylgroup and a C₁-C₂₀ alkoxy group;

, a C₁-C₂₀ alkyl group and a C₁-C₂₀ alkoxy group, each substituted withat least one of a deuterium atom, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a hydroxyl group, acyano group, a nitro group, an amino group, an amidino group, ahydrazine group, a hydrazone group, a carboxylic acid or a salt thereof,a sulfonic acid or a salt thereof, a phosphoric acid or a salt thereof,a phenyl group, a naphthyl group, a fluorenyl group, a spiro-fluorenylgroup, a benzofluorenyl group, a dibenzofluorenyl group, a phenanthrenylgroup, an anthryl group, a pyrenyl group, a chrysenyl group, a pyridylgroup, a pyrazinyl group, a pyrimidinyl group, a pyridazinyl group, aquinolinyl group, an isoquinolinyl group, a quinoxalinyl group, aquinazolinyl group, a carbazolyl group, and a triazinyl group;

a phenyl group, a naphthyl group, a fluorenyl group, a spiro-fluorenylgroup, a benzofluorenyl group, a dibenzofluorenyl group, a phenanthrenylgroup, an anthryl group, a pyrenyl group, a chrysenyl group, a pyridylgroup, a pyrazinyl group, a pyrimidinyl group, a pyridazinyl group, aquinolinyl group, an isoquinolinyl group, a quinoxalinyl group, aquinazolinyl group, a carbazolyl group, and a triazinyl group; and

a phenyl group, a naphthyl group, a fluorenyl group, a spiro-fluorenylgroup, a benzofluorenyl group, a dibenzofluorenyl group, a phenanthrenylgroup, an anthryl group, a pyrenyl group, a chrysenyl group, a pyridylgroup, a pyrazinyl group, a pyrimidinyl group, a pyridazinyl group, aquinolinyl group, an isoquinolinyl group, a quinoxalinyl group, aquinazolinyl group, a carbazolyl group, and a triazinyl group, eachsubstituted with at least one of a deuterium atom, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, ahydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amino group, an amidinogroup, a hydrazine group, a hydrazone group, a carboxylic acid or a saltthereof, a sulfonic acid or a salt thereof, a phosphoric acid or a saltthereof, a C₁-C₂₀ alkyl group, a C₁-C₂₀ alkoxy group, a phenyl group, anaphthyl group, a fluorenyl group, a spiro-fluorenyl group, abenzofluorenyl group, a dibenzofluorenyl group, a phenanthrenyl group,an anthryl group, a pyrenyl group, a chrysenyl group, a pyridyl group, apyrazinyl group, a pyrimidinyl group, a pyridazinyl group, a quinolinylgroup, an isoquinolinyl group, a quinoxalinyl group, a quinazolinylgroup, a carbazolyl group, and a triazinyl group;

R₂₁₅ and R₂₁₇ may each independently be selected from a hydrogen atom, adeuterium atom, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, anitro group, an amino group, an amidino group, a hydrazine group, ahydrazone group, a carboxylic acid or a salt thereof, a sulfonic acid ora salt thereof, a phosphoric acid or a salt thereof;

a C₁-C₂₀ alkyl group and a C₁-C₂₀ alkoxy group;

a C₁-C₂₀ alkyl group and a C₁-C₂₀ alkoxy group, each substituted with atleast one of a deuterium atom, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a hydroxyl group, acyano group, a nitro group, an amino group, an amidino group, ahydrazine group, a hydrazone group, a carboxylic acid or a salt thereof,a sulfonic acid or a salt thereof, a phosphoric acid or a salt thereof,a phenyl group, a naphthyl group, a fluorenyl group, a spiro-fluorenylgroup, a benzofluorenyl group, a dibenzofluorenyl group, a phenanthrenylgroup, an anthryl group, a pyrenyl group, a chrysenyl group, a pyridylgroup, a pyrazinyl group, a pyrimidinyl group, a pyridazinyl group, aquinolinyl group, an isoquinolinyl group, a quinoxalinyl group, aquinazolinyl group, a carbazolyl group, and a triazinyl group;

a phenyl group, a naphthyl group, a fluorenyl group, a spiro-fluorenylgroup, a benzofluorenyl group, a dibenzofluorenyl group, a phenanthrenylgroup, an anthryl group, a pyrenyl group, a chrysenyl group, a pyridylgroup, a pyrazinyl group, a pyrimidinyl group, a pyridazinyl group, aquinolinyl group, an isoquinolinyl group, a quinoxalinyl group, aquinazolinyl group, and a triazinyl group; and

a phenyl group, a naphthyl group, a fluorenyl group, a spiro-fluorenylgroup, a benzofluorenyl group, a dibenzofluorenyl group, a phenanthrenylgroup, an anthryl group, a pyrenyl group, a chrysenyl group, a pyridylgroup, a pyrazinyl group, a pyrimidinyl group, a pyridazinyl group, aquinolinyl group, an isoquinolinyl group, a quinoxalinyl group, aquinazolinyl group, and a triazinyl group, each substituted with atleast one of a deuterium atom, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a hydroxyl group, acyano group, a nitro group, an amino group, an amidino group, ahydrazine group, a hydrazone group, a carboxylic acid or a salt thereof,a sulfonic acid or a salt thereof, a phosphoric acid or a salt thereof,a C₁-C₂₀ alkyl group, a C₁-C₂₀ alkoxy group, a phenyl group, a naphthylgroup, a fluorenyl group, a spiro-fluorenyl group, a benzofluorenylgroup, a dibenzofluorenyl group, a phenanthrenyl group, an anthrylgroup, a pyrenyl group, a chrysenyl group, a pyridyl group, a pyrazinylgroup, a pyrimidinyl group, a pyridazinyl group, a quinolinyl group, anisoquinolinyl group, a quinoxalinyl group, a quinazolinyl group, acarbazolyl group, and a triazinyl group; and

xa5 may be 1 or 2.

In an implementation, in Formulae 201A and 201A-1, R₂₁₃ and R₂₁₄ may befused to each other to form a saturated or unsaturated ring.

The compound represented by Formula 201 above and the compoundrepresented by Formula 202 above may include Compounds HT1 to HT20below.

A thickness of the hole transport region may be in a range of about 100Å to about 10,000 Å, e.g., about 100 Å to about 1,000 Å. When the holetransport region includes both an HIL and an HTL, a thickness of the HILmay be in a range of about 100 Å to about 10,000 Å, e.g., about 100 Å toabout 1,000 Å, and a thickness of the HTL may be in a range of about 50Å to about 2,000 Å, e.g., about 100 Å to about 1,500 Å. When thethicknesses of the hole transport region, the HIL, and the HTL arewithin these ranges, satisfactory hole transporting characteristics maybe obtained without a substantial increase in driving voltage.

In addition to the materials described above, the hole transport regionmay further include a charge-generation material for the improvement ofconductive characteristics. The charge-generation material may behomogeneously or non-homogeneously dispersed in the hole transportregion.

The charge-generation material may be, e.g., a p-dopant. The p-dopantmay be a quinone derivative, such as a tetracyanoquinodimethane (TCNQ)and tetrafluorotetracyanoquinodimethane (F4-TCNQ); a metal oxide, suchas a tungsten oxide and a molybdenum oxide; and1,4,5,8,9,11-hexaazatriphenylene-hexacarbonitrile (HATCN), but is notlimited thereto.

The hole transport region may further include, in addition to the HIL,the HTL, and an emission auxiliary layer, at least one of a buffer layerand an EBL. The buffer layer may compensate for an optical resonancedistance according to a wavelength of light emitted from the emissionlayer, and thus, a light-emission efficiency of a formed organiclight-emitting device may be improved. For use as a material for formingthe buffer layer, a material for forming the hole transport region maybe used. The EBL may help prevent electron injection from the electrontransport region. For example, an example of a material for forming theEBL may include mCP below, but is not limited thereto.

The emission layer may be formed on the first electrode 110 or on thehole transport region by using various methods, e.g., vacuum deposition,spin coating, casting, LB deposition, ink-jet printing, laser-printing,or LITI. When the emission layer is formed by vacuum deposition and spincoating, deposition and coating conditions for forming the emissionlayer may be determined by referring to the deposition and coatingconditions for forming the HIL.

When the organic light-emitting device 10 is a full-color organiclight-emitting device, the emission layer may be patterned into a redemission layer, a green emission layer, and a blue emission layer,according to a red subpixel, a green subpixel, and a blue subpixel,respectively. In an implementation, the emission layer may have astructure of a red emission layer, a green emission layer, and a blueemission layer, each of which layers are sequentially stacked in thisstated order, or may have a structure where a red light-emittingmaterial, a green light-emitting material, and a blue light-emittingmaterial are mixed regardless of layer division, so that the emissionlayer may emit white light. When the emission layer emits white light,the device may further include a color conversion layer or a colorfilter.

The emission layer may include a host and a dopant.

The host may include a first compound represented by Formula 1 below anda second compound represented by Formula 2 below.

In Formulae 1 and 2,

Naph may be a naphthylene group,

L may be a C₆-C₄₀ arylene group or a C₁-C₄₀ heteroarylene group,

HAr may be a group represented by one of Formulae 3 and 4 below.

X₁ and X₂ may each independently be, e.g., N or C—*, and at least one ofX₁ and X₂ may be C—*. For example, the * in C—* and in Formula 4 mayrepresent a binding site to a nitrogen atom of the carbazole moiety ofFormula 2.

X₃ and X₄ may each independently be, e.g., N or CH,

x₁ and y₁ may each independently be, e.g., 0 or 1,

x₂ and y₂ may each independently be, e.g., 0 or 1,

R₁ to R₈ may each independently be selected from or include, e.g., adeuterium atom, a halogen atom, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitrogroup, an amino group, an amidino group, a hydrazine group, a hydrazonegroup, a carboxylic acid or a salt thereof, a sulfonic acid or a saltthereof, a phosphoric acid or a salt thereof, a substituted orunsubstituted C₁-C₂₀ alkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₂-C₂₀alkenyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₂-C₂₀ alkynyl group, asubstituted or unsubstituted C₁-C₂₀ alkoxy group, a substituted orunsubstituted C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkyl group, a substituted or unsubstitutedC₁-C₁₀ heterocycloalkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₃-C₁₀cycloalkenyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted heterocycloalkenylgroup, a substituted or unsubstituted C₆-C₄₀ aryl group, a substitutedor unsubstituted C₁-C₄₀ heteroaryl group, a substituted or unsubstitutedC₅-C₄₀ aryloxy group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₅-C₄₀ arylthiogroup, a substituted or unsubstituted C₆-C₄₀ monovalent non-aromaticcondensed polycyclic group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₆-C₄₀monovalent non-aromatic heterocondensed polycyclic group, —N(Q₁)(Q₂),—P(═O)(Q₃)(Q₄), —Si(Q₅)(Q₆)(Q₇), —Ge(Q₅)(Q₆)(Q₇), in which Q₁ to Q₄ mayeach independently be a hydrogen atom, a C₆-C₄₀ aryl group, and Q₅, Q₆,and Q₇ may be each independently a hydrogen atom, a C₁-C₂₀ alkyl group,or a C₆-C₄₀ aryl group.

In an implementation, at least one substituent of the substituted C₁-C₂₀alkyl group, the substituted C₂-C₂₀ alkenyl group, the substitutedC₂-C₂₀ alkynyl group, the substituted C₁-C₂₀ alkoxy group, thesubstituted C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkyl group, the substituted C₁-C₂₀heterocycloalkyl group, the substituted C₃-C₂₀ cycloalkenyl group, thesubstituted C₁-C₂₀ heterocycloalkenyl group, the substituted C₆-C₄₀ arylgroup, the substituted C₁-C₄₀ heteroaryl group, the substituted C₅-C₄₀aryloxy group, the substituted C₅-C₄₀ arylthio group, the substitutedC₆-C₄₀ monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, thesubstituted C₆-C₄₀ monovalent non-aromatic heterocondensed polycyclicgroup may be selected from:

a deuterium atom, a halogen atom, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, anitro group, an amino group, an amidino group, a hydrazine group, ahydrazone group, a carboxylic acid or a salt thereof, a sulfonic acid ora salt thereof, a phosphoric acid or a salt thereof, a C₁-C₂₀ alkylgroup, a C₂-C₂₀ alkenyl group, a C₂-C₂₀ alkynyl group, a C₁-C₂₀ alkoxygroup, a C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkyl group, a C₁-C₁₀ heterocycloalkyl group, aC₃-C₁₀ cycloalkenyl group, a C₁-C₁₀ heterocycloalkenyl group, a C₆-C₄₀aryl group, a C₁-C₄₀ heteroaryl group, a C₅-C₄₀ aryloxy group, a C₅-C₄₀arylthio group, a C₆-C₄₀ monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclicgroup, a C₆-C₄₀ monovalent non-aromatic heterocondensed polycyclicgroup, and —Si(Q₁₁)(Q₁₂)(Q₁₃), in which Q₁₁ to Q₁₃ may eachindependently be a hydrogen atom, a C₁-C₂₀ alkyl group, or a C₆-C₄₀ arylgroup.

a may be, e.g., an integer of 0 to 7,

b may be, e.g., an integer of 0 to 2,

c may be, e.g., an integer of 1 to 3,

d to h may each independently be, e.g., an integer of 0 to 4,

i may be, e.g., an integer of 0 to 3, and,

* may indicate a binding site to a neighboring atom (e.g., the nitrogenin Formula 2).

In Formula 1,

L may be selected from, e.g.,

a phenylene group, a naphthylene group, a phenanthrenylene group, and ananthrylene group; and

a phenylene group, a naphthyl group, a phenanthrenyl group, and ananthryl group, each substituted with at least one of a deuterium atom, ahalogen atom, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an aminogroup, an amidino group, a hydrazine group, a hydrazone group, acarboxylic acid or a salt thereof, a sulfonic acid or a salt thereof, aphosphoric acid or a salt thereof, a C₁-C₁₀ alkyl group, a C₁-C₁₀ alkoxygroup, a phenyl group, a naphthyl group, a phenanthrenyl group, ananthryl group, and —Si(Q₂₁)(Q₂₂)(Q₂₃), in which Q₂₁ to Q₂₃ may be eachindependently a hydrogen atom, a C₁-C₂₀ alkyl group, or a C₆-C₄₀ arylgroup.

In an implementation, L may be a group represented by Formula 4A below.

In Formula 4A, p₁ may be, e.g., an integer of 0 to 4, and Z₁₁ may beselected from, e.g.,

a deuterium atom, a halogen atom, a methyl group, an ethyl group, apropyl group, a phenyl group, a naphthyl group, a phenanthrenyl group,an anthryl group, —Si(Q₂₁)(Q₂₂)(Q₂₃), in which Q₂₁ to Q₂₃ may be eachindependently a hydrogen atom, a C₁-C₂₀ alkyl group, or a C₆-C₄₀ arylgroup; and a methyl group, an ethyl group, a propyl group, a phenylgroup, a naphthyl group, a phenanthrenyl group, an anthryl group,—Si(Q₂₁)(Q₂₂)(Q₂₃), each substituted with at least one of a deuteriumatom and a halogen atom.

For example, L may be a group represented by any one of Formulae 5A to5E below.

In an implementation, Formula 2, HAr may be a group represented by anyone of Formulae 6A to 6E below.

In Formulae 6A to 6E,

Z₂₁ to Z₂₃ may each independently be selected from, e.g., a deuteriumatom, a halogen atom, a C₁-C₄ alkyl group, a C₆-C₂₀ aryl group, a C₁-C₂₀heteroaryl group, and —Si(Q₃₁)(Q₃₂)(Q₃₃), in which Q₃₁ to Q₃₃ may eachindependently be a hydrogen atom, a C₁-C₂₀ alkyl group, or a C₆-C₂₀ arylgroup,

q1 may be, e.g., an integer of 0 to 4,

q2 may be, e.g., an integer of 1 or 2, and

q3 may be, e.g., an integer of 0 to 3.

In an implementation, HAr may be a group represented by any one ofFormulae 7A to 7E below.

In an implementation, in Formulae 1 to 4, R₁ to R₈ may eachindependently be selected from, e.g.,

a deuterium atom, a halogen atom, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, acarboxylic acid or a salt thereof, a sulfonic acid or a salt thereof, aphosphoric acid or a salt thereof, a methyl group, an ethyl group, apropyl group, a butyl group, a pentyl group, a hexyl group, a heptylgroup, an octyl group, a nonyl group, a decyl group, a phenyl group, apentalenyl group, an indenyl group, a naphthyl group, an azulenyl group,an indacenyl group, an acenaphthyl group, a biphenyl group, a heptalenylgroup, a phenalenyl group, a fluorenyl group, a phenanthrenyl group, ananthryl group, a fluoranthenyl group, a pyrenyl group, a benzofluorenylgroup, a naphthacenyl group, a chrysenyl group, a triphenylenyl group, aterphenyl group, a perylenyl group, a picenyl group, a hexacenyl group,—N(Q₁)(Q₂), —P(═O)(Q₃)(Q₄), —Si(Q₅)(Q₆)(Q₇), and —Ge(Q₅)(Q₆)(Q₇), inwhich Q₁ to Q₄ may each independently be a hydrogen atom, or a C₆-C₄₀aryl group, and Q₅, Q₆, and Q₇ may be each independently a hydrogenatom, a C₁-C₂₀ alkyl group or a C₆-C₄₀ aryl group;

a methyl group, an ethyl group, a propyl group, a butyl group, a pentylgroup, a hexyl group, a heptyl group, an octyl group, a nonyl group, anda decyl group, each substituted with at least one of a deuterium atom, ahalogen atom, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a carboxylic acid or asalt thereof, a sulfonic acid or a salt thereof, a phosphoric acid or asalt thereof, —Si(Q₁₁)(Q₁₂)(Q₁₃), and —Ge(Q₁₁)(Q₁₂)(Q₁₃), in which Q₁₁to Q₁₃ may each independently be a hydrogen atom, a C₁-C₂₀ alkyl group,or a C₆-C₄₀ aryl group; and

a phenyl group, a pentalenyl group, an indenyl group, a naphthyl group,an azulenyl group, an indacenyl group, an acenaphthyl group, a biphenylgroup, a heptalenyl group, a phenalenyl group, a fluorenyl group, aphenanthrenyl group, an anthryl group, a fluoranthenyl group, a pyrenylgroup, a benzofluorenyl group, a naphthacenyl group, a chrysenyl group,a triphenylenyl group, a terphenyl group, a perylenyl group, a picenylgroup, and a hexacenyl group, each substituted with at least one of adeuterium atom, a halogen atom, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, acarboxylic acid or a salt thereof, a sulfonic acid or a salt thereof, aphosphoric acid or a salt thereof, a C₁-C₁₀ alkyl group, a C₂-C₁₀alkenyl group, a C₂-C₁₀ alkynyl group, a C₁-C₁₀ alkoxy group,—Si(Q₁₁)(Q₁₂)(Q₁₃), and —Ge(Q₁₁)(Q₁₂)(Q₁₃), in which Q₁₁ to Q₁₃ may eachindependently be a hydrogen atom, a C₁-C₁₀ alkyl group, or a C₆-C₂₀ arylgroup.

In an implementation, R₁ to R₈ may each independently be selected from,e.g., a deuterium atom, a halogen atom, —Si(Q₅)(Q₆)(Q₇), and—Ge(Q₅)(Q₆)(Q₇), in which Q₁ to Q₇ may each independently be selectedfrom a hydrogen atom, a C₁-C₄ alkyl group, or a C₆-C₁₀ aryl group, ormay each independently be, e.g., a group represented by any one ofFormulae 8A to 8C below.

In Formulae 8A to 8C,

Z₃₁ to Z₃₃ may each independently be selected from, e.g.,

a deuterium atom, a halogen atom, a C₁-C₂₀ alkyl group, a C₆-C₄₀ arylgroup, a monovalent C₆-C₄₀ non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group,—Si(Q₅)(Q₆)(Q₇), and —Ge(Q₅)(Q₆)(Q₇);

a C₁-C₂₀ alkyl group substituted with at least one of a deuterium atomand a halogen atom; and

a C₆-C₄₀ aryl group and a monovalent C₆-C₄₀ non-aromatic condensedpolycyclic group, each substituted with at least one of a deuteriumatom, a halogen atom, a C₁-C₂₀ alkyl group, and a C₆-C₂₀ aryl group.

r1 may be, e.g., an integer of 0 to 5,

r2 may be, e.g., an integer of 0 to 7, and

r3 may be, e.g., an integer of 0 to 10.

In an implementation, R₁ to R₈ may each independently be selected from,e.g., a deuterium atom and a halogen atom, or may each independently be,e.g., a group represented by any one of Formulae 9A to 9J below.

In an implementation, in Formula 1, a, b, and c may each independentlybe 0 or 1 (e.g., c may be 1), and in Formula 2, d, e, f, g, h, and i mayeach be 0.

In an implementation, R₁ to R₈ may each independently be selected from,e.g., a deuterium atom, a halogen atom, a methyl group, a phenyl group,a naphthyl group, a phenanthrenyl group, —Si(Q₅)(Q₆)(Q₇), and—Ge(Q₅)(Q₆)(Q₇), in which Q₅ to Q₇ may each independently be a hydrogenatom, a methyl group, or a phenyl group; and a phenyl group, a naphthylgroup, and a pentalenyl group, each substituted with at least one of adeuterium atom, a halogen atom, and a methyl group,

d, e, f, g, h, and i may be 0,

In an implementation, L may be selected from, e.g., a phenylene group;and a phenylene group and a naphthylene group, each substituted with atleast one of a deuterium atom, a halogen atom, a phenyl group, and adeuterium.

In an implementation, HAr may be a group represented by Formula 3 above,

in which X₁ and X₂ may each independently be, e.g., N or C—* and atleast one of X₁ and X₂ may be C—*,

X₃ and X₄ may each independently be, e.g., N or CH, and

x₁ and y₁ may each independently be, e.g., 0 or 1.

In an implementation, HAr may be, e.g., a group represented by Formula 4above, wherein x₂ may be 1 and y₁ may be 0.

In an implementation, the first compound represented by Formula 1 abovemay be, e.g., any one of Compounds 1 to 36 below.

In an implementation, the second compound represented by Formula 2 abovemay be, e.g., any one of Compounds 2-1 to 2-5 below.

The host may include the first compound and the second compound. In animplementation, a weight ratio of the first compound to the secondcompound may be about 1:9 to about 9:1, e.g., about 2:8 to about 8:2. Inan implementation, a weight ratio of the first compound to the secondcompound may be about 3:7 to about 7:3. The weight ratio may varyaccording to the balance of charges in the organic light-emittingdevice. In an implementation, the weight ratio may vary according to themobility of charges of the HTL and the ETL or the energy leveldifference in the emission layer.

The second compound represented by Formula 2 above may have a tripletenergy level of at least 2.75 eV, and accordingly, may have a highertriplet energy than that of CBP. In addition, the second compound mayhave a higher triplet energy than that of a typical dopant (2.7 eV), andthus, in the case of using the second compound as a host, the host mayhelp reduce and/or prevent the reversal flow of the energy back to adopant, thereby improving a light-emission efficiency of the organiclight-emitting device.

In an implementation, in the case of using a mixed host of the firstcompound and the second compound, a balance between the electrons andthe holes may be improved so that the lifespan of the organiclight-emitting device may also be improved, resulting in the achievementof a high efficiency of the organic light-emitting device.

The dopant may be a phosphorescent dopant.

For example, the phosphorescent dopant may include an organometalliccompound including at least one of iridium (Ir), platinum (Pt), osmium(Os), titanium (Ti), zirconium (Zr), hafnium (Hf), europium (Eu),terbium (Tb), thulium (Tm), rhodium (Rh), and Cu (copper).

In an implementation, the phosphorescent dopant may include, e.g., acompound represented by Formula 401, below.

In Formula 401,

M may be selected from, e.g., Ir, Pt, Os, Ti, Zr, Hf, Eu, Tb, Tm, Rh,and Cu;

X₄₀₁ to X₄₀₄ may each independently be, e.g., nitrogen or carbon;

ring A₄₀₁ and ring A₄₀₂ may each independently be selected from orinclude, e.g., a substituted or unsubstituted benzene, a substituted orunsubstituted naphthalene, a substituted or unsubstituted fluorene, asubstituted or unsubstituted spiro-fluorene, a substituted orunsubstituted indene, a substituted or unsubstituted pyrrole, asubstituted or unsubstituted thiophene, a substituted or unsubstitutedfuran, a substituted or unsubstituted imidazole, a substituted orunsubstituted pyrazole, a substituted or unsubstituted thiazole, asubstituted or unsubstituted isothiazole, a substituted or unsubstitutedoxazole, a substituted or unsubstituted isooxazole, a substituted orunsubstituted pyridine, a substituted or unsubstituted pyrazine, asubstituted or unsubstituted pyrimidine, a substituted or unsubstitutedpyridazine, a substituted or unsubstituted quinoline, a substituted orunsubstituted isoquinoline, a substituted or unsubstitutedbenzoquinoline, a substituted or unsubstituted quinoxaline, asubstituted or unsubstituted quinazoline, a substituted or unsubstitutedcarbazole, a substituted or unsubstituted benzoimidazole, a substitutedor unsubstituted benzofuran, a substituted or unsubstitutedbenzothiophene, a substituted or unsubstituted isobenzothiophene, asubstituted or unsubstituted benzoxazole, a substituted or unsubstitutedisobenzoxazole, a substituted or unsubstituted triazole, a substitutedor unsubstituted oxadiazole, a substituted or unsubstituted triazine, asubstituted or unsubstituted dibenzofuran, and a substituted orunsubstituted dibenzothiophene.

In an implementation, at least one substituent of the substitutedbenzene, the substituted naphthalene, the substituted fluorene, thesubstituted spiro-fluorene, the substituted indene, the substitutedpyrrole, the substituted thiophene, the substituted furan, thesubstituted imidazole, the substituted pyrazole, the substitutedthiazole, the substituted isothiazole, the substituted oxazole, thesubstituted isoxazole, the substituted pyridine, the substitutedpyrazine, the substituted pyrimidine, the substituted pyridazine, thesubstituted quinoline, the substituted isoquinoline, the substitutedbenzoquinoline, the substituted quinoxaline, the substitutedquinazoline, the substituted carbazole, the substituted benzoimidazole,the substituted benzofuran, the substituted benzothiophene, thesubstituted isobenzothiophene, the substituted benzoxazole, thesubstituted isobenzoxazole, the substituted triazole, the substitutedoxadiazole, the substituted triazine, the substituted dibenzofuran, andthe substituted dibenzothiophene may be selected from:

a deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitrogroup, an amino group, an amidino group, a hydrazine group, a hydrazonegroup, a carboxylic acid or a salt thereof, a sulfonic acid or a saltthereof, a phosphoric acid or a salt thereof, a C₁-C₆₀ alkyl group, aC₂-C₆₀ alkenyl group, a C₂-C₆₀ alkynyl group, and a C₁-C₆₀ alkoxy group;

a C₁-C₆₀ alkyl group, a C₂-C₆₀ alkenyl group, a C₂-C₆₀ alkynyl group,and a C₁-C₆₀ alkoxy group, each substituted with at least one of adeuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitrogroup, an amino group, an amidino group, a hydrazine group, a hydrazonegroup, a carboxylic acid or a salt thereof, a sulfonic acid or a saltthereof, a phosphoric acid or a salt thereof, a C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkyl group,a C₂-C₁₀ heterocycloalkyl group, a C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkenyl group, a C₂-C₁₀heterocycloalkenyl group, a C₆-C₆₀ aryl group, a C₆-C₆₀ aryloxy group, aC₆-C₆₀ arylthio group, a C₂-C₆₀ heteroaryl group, a monovalentnon-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, a monovalent non-aromaticcondensed heteropolycyclic group, —N(Q₄₀₁)(Q₄₀₂), —Si(Q₄₀₃)(Q₄₀₄)(Q₄₀₅),and —B(Q₄₀₆)(Q₄₀₇);

a C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkyl group, a C₂-C₁₀ heterocycloalkyl group, a C₃-C₁₀cycloalkenyl group, a C₂-C₁₀ heterocycloalkenyl group, a C₆-C₆₀ arylgroup, a C₆-C₆₀ aryloxy group, a C₆-C₆₀ arylthio group, a C₂-C₆₀heteroaryl group, a monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group,and a monovalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group;

a C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkyl group, a C₂-C₁₀ heterocycloalkyl group, a C₃-C₁₀cycloalkenyl group, a C₂-C₁₀ heterocycloalkenyl group, a C₆-C₆₀ arylgroup, a C₆-C₆₀ aryloxy group, a C₆-C₆₀ arylthio group, a C₂-C₆₀heteroaryl group, a monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group,and a monovalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group, eachsubstituted with at least one of a deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, ahydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amino group, an amidinogroup, a hydrazine group, a hydrazone group, a carboxylic acid or a saltthereof, a sulfonic acid or a salt thereof, a phosphoric acid or a saltthereof, a C₁-C₆₀ alkyl group, a C₂-C₆₀ alkenyl group, a C₂-C₆₀ alkynylgroup, a C₁-C₆₀ alkoxy group, a C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkyl group, a C₂-C₁₀heterocycloalkyl group, a C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkenyl group, a C₂-C₁₀heterocycloalkenyl group, a C₆-C₆₀ aryl group, a C₆-C₆₀ aryloxy group, aC₆-C₆₀ arylthio group, a C₂-C₆₀ heteroaryl group, a monovalentnon-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, a monovalent non-aromaticcondensed heteropolycyclic group, —N(Q₄₁₁)(Q₄₁₂), —Si(Q₄₁₃)(Q₄₁₄)(Q₄₁₅),and —B(Q₄₁₆)(Q₄₁₇); and

—N(Q₄₂₁)(Q₄₂₂), —Si(Q₄₂₃)(Q₄₂₄)(Q₄₂₅), and —B(Q₄₂₆)(Q₄₂₇);

L₄₀₁ may be, e.g., an organic ligand;

xc1 may be, e.g., 1, 2, or 3; and

xc2 may be, e.g., 0, 1, 2, or 3.

L₄₀₁ may be, e.g., any one of a monovalent organic ligand, a divalentorganic ligand, and a trivalent organic ligand. For example, L₄₀₁ may beselected from a halogen ligand (e.g., Cl or F), a diketone ligand (e.g.,acetylacetonate, 1,3-diphenyl-1,3-propanedionate,2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-3,5-heptanedionate, or hexafluoroacetonate), acarboxylic acid ligand (e.g., picolinate,dimethyl-3-pyrazolecarboxylate, or benzoate), a carbon monoxide ligand,an isonitrile ligand, a cyano ligand, and a phosphorus ligand (e.g.,phosphine or phosphaite), but is not limited thereto.

In Formula 401, when A₄₀₁ has 2 or more substituents, the 2 or moresubstituents of A₄₀₁ may be linked with each other to form a saturatedor unsaturated ring.

In Formula 401, when A₄₀₂ has 2 or more substituents, the 2 or moresubstituents of A₄₀₂ may be linked with each other to form a saturatedor unsaturated ring.

In Formula 401, when xc1 is 2 or more, a plurality of ligands in Formula401, i.e.,

may be identical to or different to each other. In Formula 401, when xc1is 2 or more, A₄₀₁ and A₄₀₂ respectively may be each linked directlywith another A₄₀₁ and A₄₀₂ of a neighboring ligand. Alternatively, A₄₀₁and A₄₀₂ may be each linked with each other via a linking group (e.g., aC₁-C₅ alkylene group, —N(R′)-(wherein R′ is a C₁-C₁₀ alkyl group or aC₆-C₂₀ aryl group)), or —C(═O)— of a neighboring ligand.

The phosphorescent dopant may include, e.g., at least one ofIr(ppy)₂(acac), Ir(mpyp)₃, and Compounds PD1 to PD76 below, (e.g.,Compound PD1 is Ir(ppy)₃ and Compound DP2 is FIrPic):

In an implementation, an amount of the dopant included in the emissionlayer may be, e.g., about 0.01 to about 15 parts by weight, based on 100parts by weight of the host.

A thickness of the emission layer may be about 100 Å to about 1,000 Å,e.g., 200 Å to about 600 Å. When the thickness of the emission layer iswithin these ranges, excellent emission characteristics may be obtainedwithout a substantial increase in driving voltage.

The electron transport region may include at least one of an HBL, anETL, and an EBL.

For example, the electron transport region may have a structure ofETL/EIL or a structure of HBL/ETL/EIL, each of which layers aresequentially stacked in the stated order from the emission layer.

The electron transport region may include an HBL. When the emissionlayer includes a phosphorescent dopant, the HBL may be formed to helpprevent diffusion of triplet excitons or holes into an ETL.

When the electron transport region includes an HBL, the HBL may beformed on the emission layer by using various methods, e.g., vacuumdeposition, spin coating, casting, LB deposition, ink-jet printing,laser-printing, or LITI. When the HBL is formed by vacuum deposition andspin coating, deposition and coating conditions for forming the HBL maybe determined by referring to the deposition and coating conditions forforming the HIL.

The HBL may include, e.g., at least one of bathocuproine (BCP),4,7-diphenyl-1,10-phenanthroline (Bphen), and3,3′-[5′-[3-(3-pyridinyl)phenyl][1,1′:3′,1″-terphenyl]-3,3″-diyl]bispyridine(TmPyPB) below, but is not limited thereto.

A thickness of the HBL may be in a range of about 20 Å to about 1,000 Å,e.g., about 30 Å to about 300 Å. When the thickness of the HBL is withinthese ranges, excellent hole blocking characteristics may be obtainedwithout a substantial increase in driving voltage.

The electron transport region may include an ETL. The ETL may be formedon the emission layer or on the HBL by using various methods, e.g.,vacuum deposition, spin coating, casting, LB deposition, ink-jetprinting, laser-printing, or LITI. When the ETL is formed by vacuumdeposition and spin coating, deposition and coating conditions forforming the ETL may be determined by referring to the deposition andcoating conditions for forming the HIL.

The electron transport layer may further include at least one of, e.g.,BCP, Bphen above, and Alq₃,bis(2-methyl-8-quinolinolato)(4-phenylphenolato)aluminum (III) (Balq),3-(4-biphenylyl)-4-phenyl-5-(4-tert-butylphenyl)-1,2,4-triazole (TAZ),and 4-(naphthalen-1-yl)-3,5-diphenyl-4H-1,2,4-triazole (NTAZ) below.

In an implementation, the ETL may include at least one of compoundsrepresented by Formula 601 below:

Ar₆₀₁−[(L₆₀₁)_(xe1)-E₆₀₁]_(xe2)  <Formula 601>

In Formula 601,

Ar₆₀₁ may be selected from:

a naphthalene, a heptalene, a fluorene, a spiro-fluorene, abenzofluorene, a dibenzofluorene, a phenalene, a phenanthrene, ananthracene, a fluoranthene, a triphenylene, a pyrene, a chrysene, anaphthacene, a picene, a perylene, a pentaphene, and anindenoanthracene;

a naphthalene, a heptalene, a fluorene, a spiro-fluorene, abenzofluorene, a dibenzofluorene, a phenalene, a phenanthrene, ananthracene, a fluoranthene, a triphenylene, a pyrene, a chrysene, anaphthacene, a picene, a perylene, a pentaphene, and anindenoanthracene, each substituted with at least one of a deuteriumatom, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group,an amino group, an amidino group, a hydrazine group, a hydrazone group,a carboxylic acid or a salt thereof, a sulfonic acid or a salt thereof,a phosphoric acid or a salt thereof, a C₁-C₆₀ alkyl group, a C₂-C₆₀alkenyl group, a C₂-C₆₀ alkynyl group, a C₁-C₆₀ alkoxy group, a C₃-C₁₀cycloalkyl group, a C₃-C₁₀ heterocycloalkyl group, a C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkenylgroup, a C₃-C₁₀ heterocycloalkenyl group, a C₆-C₆₀ aryl group, a C₆-C₆₀aryloxy group, a C₆-C₆₀ arylthio group, a C₂-C₆₀ heteroaryl group, aC₂-C₆₀ monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, and—Si(Q₃₀₁)(Q₃₀₂)(Q₃₀₃), in which Q₃₀₁ to Q₃₀₃ may each independently beselected from a hydrogen atom, a C₁-C₆₀ alkyl group, a C₂-C₆₀ alkenylgroup, a C₆-C₆₀ aryl group, and a C₂-C₆₀ heteroaryl group;

L₆₀₁ may be understood by referring to the description provided inconnection with L₂₀₁;

E₆₀₁ may be selected from:

a pyrrolyl group, a thiophenyl group, a furanyl group, an imidazolylgroup, a pyrazolyl group, a thiazolyl group, an isothiazolyl group, anoxazolyl group, an isoxazolyl group, a pyridyl group, a pyrazinyl group,a pyrimidinyl group, a pyridazinyl group, an isoindolyl group, anindolyl group, an indazolyl group, a purinyl group, a quinolinyl group,an isoquinolinyl group, a benzoquinolinyl group, a phthalazinyl group, anaphthyridinyl group, a quinoxalinyl group, a quinazolinyl group, acinnolinyl group, a carbazolyl group, a phenanthridinyl group, anacridinyl group, a phenanthrolinyl group, a phenazinyl group, abenzoimidazolyl group, a benzofuranyl group, a benzothiophenyl group, anisobenzothiazolyl group, a benzoxazolyl group, an isobenzoxazolyl group,a triazolyl group, a tetrazolyl group, an oxadiazolyl group, a triazinylgroup, a dibenzofuranyl group, a dibenzothiophenyl group, abenzocarbazolyl group, and a dibenzocarbazolyl group; and

a pyrrolyl group, a thiophenyl group, a furanyl group, an imidazolylgroup, a pyrazolyl group, a thiazolyl group, an isothiazolyl group, anoxazolyl group, an isoxazolyl group, a pyridyl group, a pyrazinyl group,a pyrimidinyl group, a pyridazinyl group, an isoindolyl group, anindolyl group, an indazolyl group, a purinyl group, a quinolinyl group,an isoquinolinyl group, a benzoquinolinyl group, a phthalazinyl group, anaphthyridinyl group, a quinoxalinyl group, a quinazolinyl group, acinnolinyl group, a carbazolyl group, a phenanthridinyl group, anacridinyl group, a phenanthrolinyl group, a phenazinyl group, abenzoimidazolyl group, a benzofuranyl group, a benzothiophenyl group, anisobenzothiazolyl group, a benzoxazolyl group, an isobenzoxazolyl group,a triazolyl group, a tetrazolyl group, an oxadiazolyl group, a triazinylgroup, a dibenzofuranyl group, a dibenzothiophenyl group, abenzocarbazolyl group, and a dibenzocarbazolyl group, each substitutedwith at least one of a deuterium atom, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a hydroxylgroup, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amino group, an amidino group, ahydrazine group, a hydrazone group, a carboxylic acid or a salt thereof,a sulfonic acid or a salt thereof, a phosphoric acid or a salt thereof,a C₁-C₂₀ alkyl group, a C₁-C₂₀ alkoxy group, a phenyl group, apentalenyl group, an indenyl group, a naphthyl group, an azulenyl group,a heptalenyl group, an indacenyl group, an acenaphthyl group, afluorenyl group, a spiro-fluorenyl group, a benzofluorenyl group, adibenzofluorenyl group, a phenalenyl group, a phenanthrenyl group, ananthryl group, a fluoranthenyl group, a triphenylenyl group, a pyrenylgroup, a chrysenyl group, a naphthacenyl group, a picenyl group, aperylenyl group, a pentaphenyl group, a hexacenyl group, a pentacenylgroup, a rubicenyl group, a coronenyl group, an ovalenyl group, apyrrolyl group, a thiophenyl group, a furanyl group, an imidazolylgroup, a pyrazolyl group, a triazolyl group, an isothiazolyl group, anoxazolyl group, an isoxazolyl group, a pyridyl group, a pyrazinyl group,a pyrimidinyl group, a pyridazinyl group, an isoindolyl group, anindolyl group, an indazolyl group, a purinyl group, a quinolinyl group,an isoquinolinyl group, a benzoquinolinyl group, a phthalazinyl group, anaphthyridinyl group, a quinoxalinyl group, a quinazolinyl group, acinnolinyl group, a carbazolyl group, a phenanthridinyl group, anacridinyl group, a phenanthrolinyl group, a phenazinyl group, abenzoimidazolyl group, a benzofuranyl group, a benzothiophenyl group, anisobenzothiazolyl group, a benzoxazolyl group, an isobenzoxazolyl group,a triazolyl group, a tetrazolyl group, an oxadiazolyl group, a triazinylgroup, a dibenzofuranyl group, a dibenzothiophenyl group, abenzocarbazolyl group, and a dibenzocarbazolyl group;

xe1 may be selected from 0, 1, 2, and 3; and

xe2 may be selected from 1, 2, 3, and 4.

In an implementation, the ETL may include at least one of compoundsrepresented by Formula 602 below.

In Formula 602,

X₆₁₁ may be N or C-(L₆₁₁)_(xe611)-R₆₁₁, X₆₁₂ may be N orC-(L₆₁₂)_(xe612)-R₆₁₂, and

X₆₁₃ may be N or C-(L₆₁₃)_(xe613)-R₆₁₃, and at least one of X₆₁₁ to X₆₁₃may be N;

L₆₁₁ to L₆₁₆ may each independently be understood by referring to thedescription provided in connection with L₂₀₁;

R₆₁₁ to R₆₁₆ may each independently be selected from:

a phenyl group, a naphthyl group, a fluorenyl group, a spiro-fluorenylgroup, a benzofluorenyl group, a dibenzofluorenyl group, a phenanthrenylgroup, an anthryl group, a pyrenyl group, a chrysenyl group, a pyridylgroup, a pyrazinyl group, a pyrimidinyl group, a pyridazinyl group, aquinolinyl group, an isoquinolinyl group, a quinoxalinyl group, aquinazolinyl group, a carbazolyl group, and a triazinyl group; and

a phenyl group, a naphthyl group, a fluorenyl group, a spiro-fluorenylgroup, a benzofluorenyl group, a dibenzofluorenyl group, a phenanthrenylgroup, an anthryl group, a pyrenyl group, a chrysenyl group, a pyridylgroup, a pyrazinyl group, a pyrimidinyl group, a pyridazinyl group, aquinolinyl group, an isoquinolinyl group, a quinoxalinyl group, aquinazolinyl group, a carbazolyl group, and a triazinyl group, eachsubstituted with at least one of a deuterium atom, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, ahydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amino group, an amidinogroup, a hydrazine group, a hydrazone group, a carboxylic acid or a saltthereof, a sulfonic acid or a salt thereof, a phosphoric acid or a saltthereof, a C₁-C₂₀ alkyl group, a C₁-C₂₀ alkoxy group, a phenyl group, anaphthyl group, an azulenyl group, a fluorenyl group, a spiro-fluorenylgroup, a benzofluorenyl group, a dibenzofluorenyl group, a phenanthrenylgroup, an anthryl group, a pyrenyl group, a chrysenyl group, a pyridylgroup, a pyrazinyl group, a pyrimidinyl group, a pyridazinyl group, aquinolinyl group, an isoquinolinyl group, a quinoxalinyl group, aquinazolinyl group, a carbazolyl group and a triazinyl group; and

xe611 to xe616 may each independently be selected from 0, 1, 2, and 3.

The compound represented by Formula 601 and the compound represented byFormula 602 may include at least one of Compounds ET1 to ET15 below.

A thickness of the ETL may be in a range of about 100 Å to about 1,000Å, e.g., about 150 Å to about 500 Å. When the thickness of the ETL iswithin these ranges, satisfactory electron transporting characteristicsmay be obtained without a substantial increase in driving voltage.

In an implementation, the ETL may further include a metal-containingmaterial, in addition to the electron-transporting organic compoundsdescribed above.

The metal-containing material may include a Li complex. The Li complexmay include, e.g., lithium quinolate (LiQ) orlithium[2-(2-hydroxyphenyl)benzothiazole] (LiBTz) below.

In an implementation, the electron transport region may include an EILthat facilitates electron injection from the second electrode 190.

The EIL may include, e.g., at least one selected from LiF, NaCl, CsF,Li₂O, and BaO.

A thickness of the EIL may be in a range of about 1 Å to about 100 Å,e.g., about 3 Å to about 90 Å. When the thickness of the EIL is withinthese ranges, satisfactory electron injecting characteristics may beobtained without a substantial increase in driving voltage.

Layers or regions included in the organic layer 150 may be formed byusing various methods, e.g., vacuum deposition, spin coating, casting,LB deposition, ink-jet printing, laser-printing, or LITI.

The second electrode 190 may be disposed on the organic layer 150. Thesecond electrode 190 may be a cathode, and in this regard, a materialfor forming the second electrode 190 may be a material having a low workfunction, such as a metal, an alloy, an electrically conductivecompound, or a mixture thereof. Examples of the material for forming thesecond electrode 190 may include lithium (Li), magnesium (Mg), aluminum(Al), aluminum-lithium (Al—Li), calcium (Ca), magnesium-indium (Mg—In),and magnesium-silver (Mg—Ag). In an implementation, to manufacture a topemission type light-emitting device, the material for forming the secondelectrode 190 may be ITO or IZO, and in this regard, the secondelectrode 190 may be a transmissive electrode or the like

Herein, the organic light-emitting device 10 is referred to thedescription provided in connection with FIG. 1.

A C₁-C₆₀ alkyl group used herein refers to a linear or branchedaliphatic hydrocarbon monovalent group having 1 to 60 carbon atoms, anddetailed examples thereof are a methyl group, an ethyl group, ann-propyl group, an iso-propyl group, an n-butyl group, an iso-butylgroup, a sec-butyl group, a tert-butyl group, a pentyl group, aniso-amyl group, and a hexyl group. A C₁-C₆₀ alkylene group used hereinrefers to a divalent group having the same structure as the C₁-C₆₀ alkylgroup.

A C₁-C₆₀ alkoxy group used herein refers to a monovalent grouprepresented by —OA₁₀₁ (herein A₁₀₁ is the C₁-C₆₀ alkyl group), anddetailed examples thereof are a methoxy group, an ethoxy group, and anisopropyloxy group.

A C₂-C₆₀ alkenyl group used herein refers to a hydrocarbon group formedby substituting at least one carbon double bond in the middle orterminal of the C₂-C₆₀ alkyl group, and detailed examples thereof are anethenyl group, a prophenyl group, and a butenyl group. A C₂-C₆₀alkenylene group used herein refers to a divalent group having the samestructure as the C₂-C₆₀ alkenyl group.

A C₂-C₆₀ alkynyl group used herein refers to a hydrocarbon group formedby substituting at least one carbon triple bond in the middle orterminal of the C₂-C₆₀ alkyl group, and detailed examples thereof are anethynyl group and a propynyl group. A C₂-C₆₀ alkynylene group usedherein refers to a divalent group having the same structure as theC₂-C₆₀ alkynyl group.

A C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkyl group used herein refers a monovalent hydrocarbonmonocyclic group having 3 to 10 carbon atoms, and detailed examplesthereof are a cyclopropyl group, a cyclobutyl group, a cyclopentylgroup, a cyclohexyl group, and a cycloheptyl group. A C₃-C₁₀cycloalkylene group used herein refers to a divalent group having thesame structure as the C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkyl group.

A C₁-C₁₀ heterocycloalkyl group used herein refers to a monovalentmonocyclic group having at least one heteroatom selected from N, O, P,and S as a ring-forming atom and 1 to 10 carbon atoms, and detailedexamples thereof are a tetrahydrofuranyl group and atetrahydrothiophenyl group. A C₁-C₁₀ heterocycloalkylene group usedherein refers to a divalent group having the same structure as theC₁-C₁₀ heterocycloalkyl group.

A C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkenyl group used herein refers to a monovalentmonocyclic group that has 3 to 10 carbon atoms and at least one doublebond in the ring thereof and does not have aromacity, and detailedexamples thereof are a cyclopentenyl group, a cyclohexenyl group, and acycloheptenyl group. A C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkenylene group used herein refersto a divalent group having the same structure as the C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkenylgroup.

A C₁-C₁₀ heterocycloalkenyl group used herein refers to a monovalentmonocyclic group that has at least one heteroatom selected from N, O, P,and S as a ring-forming atom, 1 to 10 carbon atoms, and at least onedouble bond in its ring. Detailed examples of theC₁-C₁₀heterocycloalkenyl group are a 2,3-hydrofuranyl group and a2,3-hydrothiophenyl group. A C₁-C₂₀ heterocycloalkenylene group usedherein refers to a divalent group having the same structure as theC₁-C₁₀ heterocycloalkenyl group.

A C₆-C₆₀ aryl group used herein refers to a monovalent group having acarbocyclic aromatic system having 6 to 60 carbon atoms, and a C₆-C₆₀arylene group used herein refers to a divalent group having acarbocyclic aromatic system having 6 to 60 carbon atoms. Detailedexamples of the C₆-C₆₀ aryl group are a phenyl group, a naphthyl group,an anthryl group, a phenanthrenyl group, a pyrenyl group, and achrysenyl group. When the C₆-C₆₀ aryl group and the C₆-C₆₀ arylene groupeach include two or more rings, the rings may be fused to each other.

A C₁-C₆₀ heteroaryl group used herein refers to a monovalent grouphaving a carbocyclic aromatic system that has at least one heteroatomselected from N, O, P, and S as a ring-forming atom, and 1 to 60 carbonatoms. A C₁-C₆₀ heteroarylene group used herein refers to a divalentgroup having a carbocyclic aromatic system that has at least oneheteroatom selected from N, O, P, and S as a ring-forming atom, and 1 to60 carbon atoms. Detailed examples of the C₁-C₆₀ heteroaryl group are apyridinyl group, a pyrimidinyl group, a pyrazinyl group, a pyridazinylgroup, a triazinyl group, a quinolinyl group, and an isoquinolinylgroup. When the C₁-C₆₀ heteroaryl group and the C₁-C₆₀ heteroarylenegroup each include two or more rings, the rings may be fused to eachother.

A C₆-C₆₀ aryloxy group used herein indicates —OA₁₀₂ (wherein A₁₀₂ is theC₆-C₆₀ aryl group), and a C₆-C₆₀ arylthio group used herein indicates—SA₁₀₃ (wherein A₁₀₃ is the C₆-C₆₀ aryl group).

A monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group used herein refersto a monovalent group that has two or more rings condensed to eachother, has carbon atoms only as a ring-forming atom, and hasnon-aromacity in the entire molecular structure. A detailed example ofthe monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group is a fluorenylgroup. A divalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group used hereinrefers to a divalent group having the same structure as the monovalentnon-aromatic condensed polycyclic group.

A monovalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group used hereinrefers to a monovalent group that has two or more rings condensed toeach other, has heteroatoms as a ring-forming atom selected from N, O,P, and S, in addition to C, and has non-aromacity in the entiremolecular structure. A detailed example of the monovalent non-aromaticcondensed heteropolycyclic group is a carbazolyl group. A divalentnon-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group used herein refers to adivalent group having the same structure as the monovalent non-aromaticcondensed heteropolycyclic group.

Q groups, where not otherwise described, may be understood by referringto descriptions of other Q groups.

Hereinafter, an organic light-emitting device according to embodimentsis described in detail with reference to Examples, (Compounds below arethose used in organic light-emitting devices prepared according toExamples).

The following Examples and Comparative Examples are provided in order tohighlight characteristics of one or more embodiments, but it will beunderstood that the Examples and Comparative Examples are not to beconstrued as limiting the scope of the embodiments. Further, it will beunderstood that the embodiments are not limited to the particulardetails described in the Examples and Comparative Examples.

Example 1

A glass substrate to which an ITO anode was formed (available by Corningcompany) having a surface resistance of 15Ω/□ (500 Å) was prepared,sonicated by using isopropyl alcohol and pure water each for 10 minutes,and cleansed by the exposure to UV ozone for 10 minutes. Then, 2-TNATAwas vacuum deposited on the ITO anode of the glass substrate to form ahole injection layer having a thickness of 600 Å. NPB was vacuumdeposited on the HIL to form an HTL having a thickness of 300 Å.

Compound 1-5, Compound 2-1, and Ir(ppy)₃ were co-deposited on the HTL ata weight ratio of 75:15:10 to form an emission layer having a thicknessof 400 Å. Alq₃ was deposited on the emission layer to form an ETL havinga thickness of 300 Å. Alq₃ was vacuum deposited on the ETL to form acathode having a thickness of 1,200 Å, thereby manufacturing an organiclight-emitting device.

Example 2

An organic light-emitting device was manufactured in the same manner asin Example 1, except that in forming the emission layer, the weightratio of Compound 1-5, Compound 2-1, and Ir(ppy)₃ was 65:25:10 insteadof 75:15:10.

Example 3

An organic light-emitting device was manufactured in the same manner asin Example 1, except that in forming the emission layer, a weight ratioof Compound 1-5, Compound 2-3, and Ir(ppy)₃ was 70:20:10.

Example 4

An organic light-emitting device was manufactured in the same manner asin Example 3, except that in forming the emission layer, the weightratio of the Compound 1-5, Compound 2-3, and Ir(ppy)₃ was 60:30:10instead of 70:20:10.

Example 5

An organic light-emitting device was manufactured in the same manner asin

Example 1, except that in forming the emission layer, a weight ratio ofCompound 1-22, Compound 2-1, and Ir(ppy)₃ was 30:60:10.

Example 6

An organic light-emitting device was manufactured in the same manner asin Example 5, except that in forming the emission layer, the weightratio of Compound 1-22, Compound 2-1, and Ir(ppy)₃ was 20:70:10 insteadof 30:60:10.

Example 7

An organic light-emitting device was manufactured in the same manner asin Example 1, except that in forming the emission layer, a weight ratioof Compound 1-22, Compound 2-3, and Ir(ppy)₃ was 30:60:10.

Example 8

An organic light-emitting device was manufactured in the same manner asin Example 7, except that in forming the emission layer, the weightratio of Compound 1-22, Compound 2-3, and Ir(ppy)₃ was 20:70:10 insteadof 30:60:10.

Comparative Example 1

An organic light-emitting device was manufactured in the same manner asin Example 1, except that in forming the emission layer, a weight ratioof Compound 1-5 and Ir(ppy)₃ was 90:10.

Comparative Example 2

An organic light-emitting device was manufactured in the same manner asin Example 1, except that in forming the emission layer, a weight ratioof Compound 1-22 and Ir(ppy)₃ was 90:10.

Comparative Example 3

An organic light-emitting device was manufactured in the same manner asin Example 1, except that in forming the emission layer, a weight ratioof Compound 2-1 and Ir(ppy)₃ was 90:10.

Comparative Example 4

An organic light-emitting device was manufactured in the same manner asin Example 1, except that in forming the emission layer, a weight ratioof Compound 2-3 and Ir(ppy)₃ was 90:10.

Measurement Data

The organic light-emitting devices prepared according to Examples 1 to 8and Comparative Examples 1 to 4 were evaluated in terms of currentdensity, current efficiency, and lifespan (T₉₀) characteristics, andobtained data were analyzed by an IVL measuring device (PhotoResearchPR650, Keithley 238). The lifespan T₉₀ data were obtained uponoperation, when luminance of the organic light-emitting device reached90% with respect to initial luminance 100% (at 9,000 nit).

TABLE 1 Current Current First Second density efficiency Lifespancompound compound Dopant Ratio [mA/cm²] [cd/A] [h] Example 1 1-5  2-1Ir(ppy)₃ 75:15:10 8 41.3 121 Example 2 1-5  2-1 Ir(ppy)₃ 65:25:10 8 43.2115 Example 3 1-5  2-3 Ir(ppy)₃ 70:20:10 8 39.3 128 Example 4 1-5  2-3Ir(ppy)₃ 60:30:10 8 34.9 112 Example 5 1-22 2-1 Ir(ppy)₃ 30:60:10 8 39.389 Example 6 1-22 2-1 Ir(ppy)₃ 20:70:10 8 41.3 103 Example 7 1-22 2-3Ir(ppy)₃ 30:60:10 8 31.2 67 Example 8 1-22 2-3 Ir(ppy)₃ 20:70:10 8 30.488 Comparative 1-5  — Ir(ppy)₃ 90:10 8 16.9 13 Example 1 Comparative1-22 — Ir(ppy)₃ 90:10 8 9.8 6 Example 2 Comparative — 2-1 Ir(ppy)₃ 90:108 13.5 10 Example 3 Comparative — 2-3 Ir(ppy)₃ 90:10 8 6.7 23 Example 4

Referring to the data of Table 1 above, in comparison with the organiclight-emitting devices of Comparative Examples 1 to 4 (including thefirst compound or the second compound), it may be that the organiclight-emitting devices of Examples 1 to 8 (including the first compoundand the second compound at the same time) had longer lifespancharacteristics.

For example, the simultaneous use of the first compound and the secondcompound, as a host, may overcome drawbacks of each of these compounds(e.g., individually) while creating a synergy effects therebetween.Thus, the simultaneous use of the first compound and the secondcompound, as a host included in the emission layer, may relieveelectron-induced stress in the emission layer and accordingly, may helpimprove a lifespan of the organic light-emitting device and a balancebetween the electrons and the holes, resulting in the achievement of ahigh efficiency of the organic light-emitting device.

As described above, according to the one or more of the above exemplaryembodiments, use of a first compound represented by Formula 1 and asecond compound represented by Formula 2 (e.g., as a host along with adopant) in an emission layer may provide an organic light-emittingdevice having improved efficiency and lifespan characteristics.

The embodiments may provide an organic light-emitting device havingimproved efficiency and lifespan characteristics.

Example embodiments have been disclosed herein, and although specificterms are employed, they are used and are to be interpreted in a genericand descriptive sense only and not for purpose of limitation. In someinstances, as would be apparent to one of ordinary skill in the art asof the filing of the present application, features, characteristics,and/or elements described in connection with a particular embodiment maybe used singly or in combination with features, characteristics, and/orelements described in connection with other embodiments unless otherwisespecifically indicated. Accordingly, it will be understood by those ofskill in the art that various changes in form and details may be madewithout departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention asset forth in the following claims.

What is claimed is:
 1. An organic light-emitting device, comprising: afirst electrode; a second electrode facing the first electrode; and anorganic layer between the first electrode and the second electrode, theorganic layer including an emission layer, wherein the organic layerincludes: a first compound represented by Formula 1, below, and a secondcompound represented by Formula 2, below,

wherein, in Formulae 1 and 2, Naph is a naphthylene group, L is a C₆-C₄₀arylene group or a C₁-C₄₀ heteroarylene group, HAr is a grouprepresented by one of Formulae 3 and 4 below,

wherein, X₁ and X₂ are each independently N or C—*, and at least one ofX₁ and X₂ is C—*, X₃ and X₄ are each independently N or CH, x₁ and y₁are each independently 0 or 1, x₂ and y₂ are each independently 0 or 1,R₁ to R₈ are each independently selected from a deuterium atom, ahalogen atom, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an aminogroup, an amidino group, a hydrazine group, a hydrazone group, acarboxylic acid or a salt thereof, a sulfonic acid or a salt thereof, aphosphoric acid or a salt thereof, a substituted or unsubstituted C₁-C₂₀alkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₂-C₂₀ alkenyl group, asubstituted or unsubstituted C₂-C₂₀ alkynyl group, a substituted orunsubstituted C₁-C₂₀ alkoxy group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₃-C₁₀cycloalkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₁-C₁₀ heterocycloalkylgroup, a substituted or unsubstituted C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkenyl group, asubstituted or unsubstituted C₁-C₁₀ heterocycloalkenyl group, asubstituted or unsubstituted C₆-C₄₀ aryl group, a substituted orunsubstituted C₁-C₄₀ heteroaryl group, a substituted or unsubstitutedC₅-C₄₀ aryloxy group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₅-C₄₀ arylthiogroup, a substituted or unsubstituted C₆-C₄₀ monovalent non-aromaticcondensed polycyclic group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₆-C₄₀monovalent non-aromatic heterocondensed polycyclic group, —N(Q₁)(Q₂),—P(═O)(Q₃)(Q₄), —Si(Q₅)(Q₆)(Q₇), and —Ge(Q₅)(Q₆)(Q₇), in which Q₁ to Q₄are each independently a hydrogen atom or a C₆-C₄₀ aryl group, and Q₅,Q₆, and Q₇ are each independently a hydrogen atom, a C₁-C₂₀ alkyl group,or a C₆-C₄₀ aryl group; at least one substituent of the substitutedC₁-C₂₀ alkyl group, the substituted C₂-C₂₀ alkenyl group, thesubstituted C₂-C₂₀ alkynyl group, the substituted C₁-C₂₀ alkoxy group,the substituted C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkyl group, the substituted C₁-C₁₀heterocycloalkyl group, the substituted C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkenyl group, thesubstituted C₁-C₁₀ heterocycloalkenyl group, the substituted C₆-C₄₀ arylgroup, the substituted C₁-C₄₀ heteroaryl group, the substituted C₅-C₄₀aryloxy group, the substituted C₅-C₄₀ arylthio group, the substitutedC₆-C₄₀ monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, and thesubstituted C₆-C₄₀ monovalent non-aromatic heterocondensed polycyclicgroup is selected from: a deuterium atom, a halogen atom, a hydroxylgroup, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amino group, an amidino group, ahydrazine group, a hydrazone group, a carboxylic acid or a salt thereof,a sulfonic acid or a salt thereof, a phosphoric acid or a salt thereof,a C₁-C₂₀ alkyl group, a C₂-C₂₀ alkenyl group, a C₂-C₂₀ alkynyl group, aC₁-C₂₀ alkoxy group, a C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkyl group, a C₁-C₁₀heterocycloalkyl group, a C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkenyl group, a C₁-C₁₀heterocycloalkenyl group, a C₆-C₄₀ aryl group, a C₁-C₄₀ heteroarylgroup, a C₅-C₄₀ aryloxy group, a C₅-C₄₀ arylthio group, a monovalentC₆-C₄₀ non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, a monovalent C₆-C₄₀non-aromatic heterocondensed polycyclic group, and —Si(Q₁₁)(Q₁₂)(Q₁₃),in which Q₁₁ to Q₁₃ are each independently a hydrogen atom, a C₁-C₂₀alkyl group, or a C₆-C₄₀ aryl group, a is an integer of 0 to 7, b is aninteger of 0 to 2, c is an integer of 1 to 3, d to h are eachindependently an integer of 0 to 4, i is an integer of 0 to 3, and *represents a binding site to a neighboring atom.
 2. The organiclight-emitting device as claimed in claim 1, wherein L in Formula 1 isselected from: a phenylene group, a naphthylene group, aphenanthrenylene group, and an anthrylene group; and a phenylene group,a naphthyl group, a phenanthrenyl group, and an anthryl group, eachsubstituted with at least one of a deuterium atom, a halogen atom, ahydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amino group, an amidinogroup, a hydrazine group, a hydrazone group, a carboxylic acid or a saltthereof, a sulfonic acid or a salt thereof, a phosphoric acid or a saltthereof, a C₁-C₁₀ alkyl group, C₁-C₁₀ alkoxy group, a phenyl group, anaphthyl group, a phenanthrenyl group, an anthryl group, and—Si(Q₂₁)(Q₂₂)(Q₂₃), in which Q₂₁ to Q₂₃ are each independently ahydrogen atom, a C₁-C₂₀ alkyl group, or a C₆-C₄₀ aryl group.
 3. Theorganic light-emitting device as claimed in claim 1, wherein L inFormula 1 is a group represented by Formula 4 Å below:

wherein, in Formula 4A, * and *′ represent binding sites to neighboringatoms, p₁ is an integer of 0 to 4, and Z₁₁ is at least one selectedfrom: a deuterium atom, a halogen atom, a methyl group, an ethyl group,a propyl group, a phenyl group, a naphthyl group, a phenanthrenyl group,an anthryl group, and —Si(Q₂₁)(Q₂₂)(Q₂₃), in which Q₂₁ to Q₂₃ are eachindependently a hydrogen atom, a C₁-C₂₀ alkyl group, or a C₆-C₄₀ arylgroup; and a methyl group, an ethyl group, a propyl group, a phenylgroup, a naphthyl group, a phenanthrenyl group, an anthryl group, and—Si(Q₂₁)(Q₂₂)(Q₂₃), each substituted with at least one of a deuteriumatom and a halogen atom.
 4. The organic light-emitting device as claimedin claim 1, wherein L in Formula 1 is a group represented by any one ofFormulae 5A to 5E below, in which * and *′ represent binding sites toneighboring atoms:


5. The organic light-emitting device as claimed in claim 1, wherein HArin Formula 2 is a group represented by any one of Formulae 6A to 6Ebelow:

wherein, in Formulae 6A to 6E, Z₂₁ to Z₂₃ are each independentlyselected from a deuterium atom, a halogen atom, a C₁-C₄ alkyl group, aC₆-C₂₀ aryl group, a C₁-C₂₀ heteroaryl group, and —Si(Q₃₁)(Q₃₂)(Q₃₃), inwhich Q₃₁ to Q₃₃ are each independently a hydrogen atom, a C₁-C₂₀ alkylgroup, or a C₆-C₂₀ aryl group, q1 is an integer of 0 to 4, q2 is aninteger of 1 or 2, q3 is an integer of 0 to 3, and * represents abinding site to a neighboring atom.
 6. The organic light-emitting deviceas claimed in claim 1, wherein HAr in Formula 2 is a group representedby any one of Formulae 7A to 7E below, in which * represents a bindingsite to a neighboring atom:


7. The organic light-emitting device as claimed in claim 1, wherein R₁to R₈ are each independently selected from: a deuterium atom, a halogenatom, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a carboxylic acid or a saltthereof, a sulfonic acid or a salt thereof, a phosphoric acid or a saltthereof, a methyl group, an ethyl group, a propyl group, a butyl group,a pentyl group, a hexyl group, a heptyl group, an octyl group, a nonylgroup, a decyl group, a phenyl group, a pentalenyl group, an indenylgroup, a naphthyl group, an azulenyl group, an indacenyl group, anacenaphthyl group, a biphenyl group, a heptalenyl group, a phenalenylgroup, a fluorenyl group, a phenanthrenyl group, an anthryl group, afluoranthenyl group, a pyrenyl group, a benzofluorenyl group, anaphthacenyl group, a chrysenyl group, a triphenylenyl group, aterphenyl group, a perylenyl group, a picenyl group, a hexacenyl group,—N(Q₁)(Q₂), —P(═O)(Q₃)(Q₄), —Si(Q₅)(Q₆)(Q₇), and —Ge(Q₅)(Q₆)(Q₇), inwhich Q₁ to Q₄ are each independently a hydrogen atom or a C₆-C₄₀ arylgroup, and Q₅, Q₆, and Q₇ are each independently a hydrogen atom, aC₁-C₂₀ alkyl group, or a C₆-C₄₀ aryl group; a methyl group, an ethylgroup, a propyl group, a butyl group, a pentyl group, a hexyl group, aheptyl group, an octyl group, a nonyl group, and a decyl group, eachsubstituted with at least one of a deuterium atom, a halogen atom, ahydroxyl group, a cyano group, a carboxylic acid or a salt thereof, asulfonic acid or a salt thereof, a phosphoric acid or a salt thereof,—Si(Q₁₁)(Q₁₂)(Q₁₃), and —Ge(Q₁₁)(Q₁₂)(Q₁₃), in which Q₁₁ to Q₁₃ are eachindependently a hydrogen atom, a C₁-C₂₀ alkyl group, or a C₆-C₄₀ arylgroup; and a phenyl group, a pentalenyl group, an indenyl group, anaphthyl group, an azulenyl group, an indacenyl group, an acenaphthylgroup, a biphenyl group, a heptalenyl group, a phenalenyl group, afluorenyl group, a phenanthrenyl group, an anthryl group, afluoranthenyl group, a pyrenyl group, a benzofluorenyl group, anaphthacenyl group, a chrysenyl group, a triphenylenyl group, aterphenyl group, a perylenyl group, a picenyl group, and a hexacenylgroup, each substituted with at least one of a deuterium atom, a halogenatom, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a carboxylic acid or a saltthereof, a sulfonic acid or a salt thereof, a phosphoric acid or a saltthereof, a C₁-C₁₀ alkyl group, a C₂-C₁₀ alkenyl group, a C₂-C₁₀ alkynylgroup, a C₁-C₁₀ alkoxy group, —Si(Q₁₁)(Q₁₂)(Q₁₃), and—Ge(Q₁₁)(Q₁₂)(Q₁₃), in which Q₁₁ to Q₁₃ are each independently ahydrogen atom, a C₁-C₁₀ alkyl group, or a C₆-C₂₀ aryl group.
 8. Theorganic light-emitting device as claimed in claim 1, wherein: R₁ to R₈are each independently selected from a deuterium atom, a halogen atom,—Si(Q₅)(Q₆)(Q₇), and —Ge(Q₅)(Q₆)(Q₇), in which Q₁ to Q₇ are eachindependently a hydrogen atom, a C₁-C₄ alkyl group, or a C₆-C₁₀ arylgroup, or R₁ to R₈ are each independently a group represented by any oneof Formulae 8A to 8C below:

wherein, in Formulae 8A to 8C, Z₃₁ to Z₃₃ are each independentlyselected from: a deuterium atom, a halogen atom, a C₁-C₂₀ alkyl group, aC₆-C₄₀ aryl group, a C₆-C₄₀ monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclicgroup, —Si(Q₅)(Q₆)(Q₇), and —Ge(Q₅)(Q₆)(Q₇); a C₁-C₂₀ alkyl groupsubstituted with at least one of a deuterium atom and a halogen atom;and a C₆-C₄₀ aryl group and a C₆-C₄₀ monovalent non-aromatic condensedpolycyclic group, each substituted with at least one of a deuteriumatom, a halogen atom, a C₁-C₂₀ alkyl group, and a C₆-C₂₀ aryl group; r1is an integer of 0 to 5, r2 is an integer of 0 to 7, r3 is an integer of0 to 10, and * represents a binding site to a neighboring atom.
 9. Theorganic light-emitting device as claimed in claim 1, wherein: R₁ to R₈are each independently selected from a deuterium atom and a halogenatom, or R₁ to R₈ are each independently a group represented by any oneof Formulae 9A to 9J below:

wherein, in Formulae 9A to 9J, * represents a binding site to aneighboring atom.
 10. The organic light-emitting device as claimed inclaim 1, wherein: c is 1, a and b are each independently 0 or 1, and d,e, f, g, h, and i are each
 0. 11. The organic light-emitting device asclaimed in claim 1, wherein: R₁ and R₂ are each independently selectedfrom: a deuterium atom, a halogen atom, a methyl group, a phenyl group,a naphthyl group, a phenanthrenyl group, —Si(Q₅)(Q₆)(Q₇), and—Ge(Q₅)(Q₆)(Q₇), in which Q₁ to Q₄ are each independently a hydrogenatom, a methyl group, or a phenyl group; and a phenyl group, a naphthylgroup, and a pentalenyl group, each substituted with at least one of adeuterium atom, a halogen atom, and a methyl group; d, e, f, g, h, and iare each 0, L is selected from: a phenylene group; or a phenylene groupand a naphthylene group, each substituted with at least one selectedfrom a deuterium atom, a halogen atom, and a phenyl group.
 12. Theorganic light-emitting device as claimed in claim 11, wherein HAr is agroup represented by Formula
 3. 13. The organic light-emitting device asclaimed in claim 11, wherein: HAr is a group represented by Formula 4,x₂ is 1, and y₁ is
 0. 14. The organic light-emitting device as claimedin claim 1, wherein the first compound represented by Formula 1 is oneof Compounds 1-1 to 1-36 below:


15. The organic light-emitting device as claimed in claim 1, wherein thesecond compound represented by Formula 2 is one of Compounds 2-1 to 2-5below:


16. The organic light-emitting device as claimed in claim 1, wherein thefirst compound and the second compound are included in the emissionlayer.
 17. The organic light-emitting device as claimed in claim 1,wherein a weight ratio of the first compound to the second compound isabout 20:80 to about 80:20.
 18. The organic light-emitting device asclaimed in claim 17, wherein the emission layer further includes adopant, the dopant including an organometallic compound that includesiridium (Ir), platinum (Pt), osmium (Os), titanium (Ti), zirconium (Zr),hafnium (Hf), europium (Eu), terbium (Tb), thulium (Tm), rhodium (Rh),or copper (Cu).
 19. The organic light-emitting device as claimed inclaim 1, further comprising a hole transport region between the firstelectrode and the emission layer.
 20. The organic light-emitting deviceas claimed in claim 1, further comprising an electron transport regionbetween the second electrode and the emission layer.